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   1 /*
   2  * async.c: Asynchronous function calls for boot performance
   3  *
   4  * (C) Copyright 2009 Intel Corporation
   5  * Author: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
   6  *
   7  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   8  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   9  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2
  10  * of the License.
  11  */
  12
  13
  14 /*
  15
  16 Goals and Theory of Operation
  17
  18 The primary goal of this feature is to reduce the kernel boot time,
  19 by doing various independent hardware delays and discovery operations
  20 decoupled and not strictly serialized.
  21
  22 More specifically, the asynchronous function call concept allows
  23 certain operations (primarily during system boot) to happen
  24 asynchronously, out of order, while these operations still
  25 have their externally visible parts happen sequentially and in-order.
  26 (not unlike how out-of-order CPUs retire their instructions in order)
  27
  28 Key to the asynchronous function call implementation is the concept of
  29 a "sequence cookie" (which, although it has an abstracted type, can be
  30 thought of as a monotonically incrementing number).
  31
  32 The async core will assign each scheduled event such a sequence cookie and
  33 pass this to the called functions.
  34
  35 The asynchronously called function should before doing a globally visible
  36 operation, such as registering device numbers, call the
  37 async_synchronize_cookie() function and pass in its own cookie. The
  38 async_synchronize_cookie() function will make sure that all asynchronous
  39 operations that were scheduled prior to the operation corresponding with the
  40 cookie have completed.
  41
  42 Subsystem/driver initialization code that scheduled asynchronous probe
  43 functions, but which shares global resources with other drivers/subsystems
  44 that do not use the asynchronous call feature, need to do a full
  45 synchronization with the async_synchronize_full() function, before returning
  46 from their init function. This is to maintain strict ordering between the
  47 asynchronous and synchronous parts of the kernel.
  48
  49 */
  50
  51 #include <linux/async.h>
  52 #include <linux/module.h>
  53 #include <linux/wait.h>
  54 #include <linux/sched.h>
  55 #include <linux/init.h>
  56 #include <linux/kthread.h>
  57 #include <asm/atomic.h>
  58
  59 static async_cookie_t next_cookie = 1;
  60
  61 #define MAX_THREADS     256
  62 #define MAX_WORK        32768
  63
  64 static LIST_HEAD(async_pending);
  65 static LIST_HEAD(async_running);
  66 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(async_lock);
  67
  68 static int async_enabled = 0;
  69
  70 struct async_entry {
  71         struct list_head list;
  72         async_cookie_t   cookie;
  73         async_func_ptr   *func;
  74         void             *data;
  75         struct list_head *running;
  76 };
  77
  78 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(async_done);
  79 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(async_new);
  80
  81 static atomic_t entry_count;
  82 static atomic_t thread_count;
  83
  84 extern int initcall_debug;
  85
  86
  87 /*
  88  * MUST be called with the lock held!
  89  */
  90 static async_cookie_t  __lowest_in_progress(struct list_head *running)
  91 {
  92         struct async_entry *entry;
  93         if (!list_empty(running)) {
  94                 entry = list_first_entry(running,
  95                         struct async_entry, list);
  96                 return entry->cookie;
  97         } else if (!list_empty(&async_pending)) {
  98                 entry = list_first_entry(&async_pending,
  99                         struct async_entry, list);
 100                 return entry->cookie;
 101         } else {
 102                 /* nothing in progress... next_cookie is "infinity" */
 103                 return next_cookie;
 104         }
 105
 106 }
 107
 108 static async_cookie_t  lowest_in_progress(struct list_head *running)
 109 {
 110         unsigned long flags;
 111         async_cookie_t ret;
 112
 113         spin_lock_irqsave(&async_lock, flags);
 114         ret = __lowest_in_progress(running);
 115         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
 116         return ret;
 117 }
 118 /*
 119  * pick the first pending entry and run it
 120  */
 121 static void run_one_entry(void)
 122 {
 123         unsigned long flags;
 124         struct async_entry *entry;
 125         ktime_t calltime, delta, rettime;
 126
 127         /* 1) pick one task from the pending queue */
 128
 129         spin_lock_irqsave(&async_lock, flags);
 130         if (list_empty(&async_pending))
 131                 goto out;
 132         entry = list_first_entry(&async_pending, struct async_entry, list);
 133
 134         /* 2) move it to the running queue */
 135         list_del(&entry->list);
 136         list_add_tail(&entry->list, &async_running);
 137         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
 138
 139         /* 3) run it (and print duration)*/
 140         if (initcall_debug && system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
 141                 printk("calling  %lli_%pF @ %i\n", entry->cookie, entry->func, task_pid_nr(current));
 142                 calltime = ktime_get();
 143         }
 144         entry->func(entry->data, entry->cookie);
 145         if (initcall_debug && system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
 146                 rettime = ktime_get();
 147                 delta = ktime_sub(rettime, calltime);
 148                 printk("initcall %lli_%pF returned 0 after %lld usecs\n", entry->cookie,
 149                         entry->func, ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10);
 150         }
 151
 152         /* 4) remove it from the running queue */
 153         spin_lock_irqsave(&async_lock, flags);
 154         list_del(&entry->list);
 155
 156         /* 5) free the entry  */
 157         kfree(entry);
 158         atomic_dec(&entry_count);
 159
 160         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
 161
 162         /* 6) wake up any waiters. */
 163         wake_up(&async_done);
 164         return;
 165
 166 out:
 167         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
 168 }
 169
 170
 171 static async_cookie_t __async_schedule(async_func_ptr *ptr, void *data, struct list_head *running)
 172 {
 173         struct async_entry *entry;
 174         unsigned long flags;
 175         async_cookie_t newcookie;
 176
 177
 178         /* allow irq-off callers */
 179         entry = kzalloc(sizeof(struct async_entry), GFP_ATOMIC);
 180
 181         /*
 182          * If we're out of memory or if there's too much work
 183          * pending already, we execute synchronously.
 184          */
 185         if (!async_enabled || !entry || atomic_read(&entry_count) > MAX_WORK) {
 186                 kfree(entry);
 187                 spin_lock_irqsave(&async_lock, flags);
 188                 newcookie = next_cookie++;
 189                 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
 190
 191                 /* low on memory.. run synchronously */
 192                 ptr(data, newcookie);
 193                 return newcookie;
 194         }
 195         entry->func = ptr;
 196         entry->data = data;
 197         entry->running = running;
 198
 199         spin_lock_irqsave(&async_lock, flags);
 200         newcookie = entry->cookie = next_cookie++;
 201         list_add_tail(&entry->list, &async_pending);
 202         atomic_inc(&entry_count);
 203         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&async_lock, flags);
 204         wake_up(&async_new);
 205         return newcookie;
 206 }
 207
 208 async_cookie_t async_schedule(async_func_ptr *ptr, void *data)
 209 {
 210         return __async_schedule(ptr, data, &async_pending);
 211 }
 212 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_schedule);
 213
 214 async_cookie_t async_schedule_special(async_func_ptr *ptr, void *data, struct list_head *running)
 215 {
 216         return __async_schedule(ptr, data, running);
 217 }
 218 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_schedule_special);
 219
 220 void async_synchronize_full(void)
 221 {
 222         do {
 223                 async_synchronize_cookie(next_cookie);
 224         } while (!list_empty(&async_running) || !list_empty(&async_pending));
 225 }
 226 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_synchronize_full);
 227
 228 void async_synchronize_full_special(struct list_head *list)
 229 {
 230         async_synchronize_cookie_special(next_cookie, list);
 231 }
 232 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_synchronize_full_special);
 233
 234 void async_synchronize_cookie_special(async_cookie_t cookie, struct list_head *running)
 235 {
 236         ktime_t starttime, delta, endtime;
 237
 238         if (initcall_debug && system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
 239                 printk("async_waiting @ %i\n", task_pid_nr(current));
 240                 starttime = ktime_get();
 241         }
 242
 243         wait_event(async_done, lowest_in_progress(running) >= cookie);
 244
 245         if (initcall_debug && system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
 246                 endtime = ktime_get();
 247                 delta = ktime_sub(endtime, starttime);
 248
 249                 printk("async_continuing @ %i after %lli usec\n",
 250                         task_pid_nr(current), ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10);
 251         }
 252 }
 253 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_synchronize_cookie_special);
 254
 255 void async_synchronize_cookie(async_cookie_t cookie)
 256 {
 257         async_synchronize_cookie_special(cookie, &async_running);
 258 }
 259 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(async_synchronize_cookie);
 260
 261
 262 static int async_thread(void *unused)
 263 {
 264         DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wq, current);
 265         add_wait_queue(&async_new, &wq);
 266
 267         while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
 268                 int ret = HZ;
 269                 set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
 270                 /*
 271                  * check the list head without lock.. false positives
 272                  * are dealt with inside run_one_entry() while holding
 273                  * the lock.
 274                  */
 275                 rmb();
 276                 if (!list_empty(&async_pending))
 277                         run_one_entry();
 278                 else
 279                         ret = schedule_timeout(HZ);
 280
 281                 if (ret == 0) {
 282                         /*
 283                          * we timed out, this means we as thread are redundant.
 284                          * we sign off and die, but we to avoid any races there
 285                          * is a last-straw check to see if work snuck in.
 286                          */
 287                         atomic_dec(&thread_count);
 288                         wmb(); /* manager must see our departure first */
 289                         if (list_empty(&async_pending))
 290                                 break;
 291                         /*
 292                          * woops work came in between us timing out and us
 293                          * signing off; we need to stay alive and keep working.
 294                          */
 295                         atomic_inc(&thread_count);
 296                 }
 297         }
 298         remove_wait_queue(&async_new, &wq);
 299
 300         return 0;
 301 }
 302
 303 static int async_manager_thread(void *unused)
 304 {
 305         DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wq, current);
 306         add_wait_queue(&async_new, &wq);
 307
 308         while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
 309                 int tc, ec;
 310
 311                 set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
 312
 313                 tc = atomic_read(&thread_count);
 314                 rmb();
 315                 ec = atomic_read(&entry_count);
 316
 317                 while (tc < ec && tc < MAX_THREADS) {
 318                         kthread_run(async_thread, NULL, "async/%i", tc);
 319                         atomic_inc(&thread_count);
 320                         tc++;
 321                 }
 322
 323                 schedule();
 324         }
 325         remove_wait_queue(&async_new, &wq);
 326
 327         return 0;
 328 }
 329
 330 static int __init async_init(void)
 331 {
 332         if (async_enabled)
 333                 kthread_run(async_manager_thread, NULL, "async/mgr");
 334         return 0;
 335 }
 336
 337 static int __init setup_async(char *str)
 338 {
 339         async_enabled = 1;
 340         return 1;
 341 }
 342
 343 __setup("fastboot", setup_async);
 344
 345
 346 core_initcall(async_init);