Memory controller: add per cgroup LRU and reclaim
authorBalbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Thu, 7 Feb 2008 08:13:56 +0000 (00:13 -0800)
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org>
Thu, 7 Feb 2008 16:42:18 +0000 (08:42 -0800)
Add the page_cgroup to the per cgroup LRU.  The reclaim algorithm has
been modified to make the isolate_lru_pages() as a pluggable component.  The
scan_control data structure now accepts the cgroup on behalf of which
reclaims are carried out.  try_to_free_pages() has been extended to become
cgroup aware.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning]
[Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com: initialize all scan_control's isolate_pages member]
[bunk@kernel.org: make do_try_to_free_pages() static]
[hugh@veritas.com: memcgroup: fix try_to_free order]
[kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com: this unlock_page_cgroup() is unnecessary]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
include/linux/memcontrol.h
include/linux/res_counter.h
include/linux/swap.h
mm/memcontrol.c
mm/swap.c
mm/vmscan.c

index f5b47ef..9c3c1c9 100644 (file)
@@ -32,6 +32,13 @@ extern void page_assign_page_cgroup(struct page *page,
 extern struct page_cgroup *page_get_page_cgroup(struct page *page);
 extern int mem_cgroup_charge(struct page *page, struct mm_struct *mm);
 extern void mem_cgroup_uncharge(struct page_cgroup *pc);
+extern void mem_cgroup_move_lists(struct page_cgroup *pc, bool active);
+extern unsigned long mem_cgroup_isolate_pages(unsigned long nr_to_scan,
+                                       struct list_head *dst,
+                                       unsigned long *scanned, int order,
+                                       int mode, struct zone *z,
+                                       struct mem_cgroup *mem_cont,
+                                       int active);
 
 static inline void mem_cgroup_uncharge_page(struct page *page)
 {
@@ -71,6 +78,11 @@ static inline void mem_cgroup_uncharge_page(struct page *page)
 {
 }
 
+static inline void mem_cgroup_move_lists(struct page_cgroup *pc,
+                                               bool active)
+{
+}
+
 #endif /* CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_CONT */
 
 #endif /* _LINUX_MEMCONTROL_H */
index eeb3f77..5e60a4f 100644 (file)
@@ -99,4 +99,27 @@ int res_counter_charge(struct res_counter *counter, unsigned long val);
 void res_counter_uncharge_locked(struct res_counter *counter, unsigned long val);
 void res_counter_uncharge(struct res_counter *counter, unsigned long val);
 
+static inline bool res_counter_limit_check_locked(struct res_counter *cnt)
+{
+       if (cnt->usage < cnt->limit)
+               return true;
+
+       return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper function to detect if the cgroup is within it's limit or
+ * not. It's currently called from cgroup_rss_prepare()
+ */
+static inline bool res_counter_check_under_limit(struct res_counter *cnt)
+{
+       bool ret;
+       unsigned long flags;
+
+       spin_lock_irqsave(&cnt->lock, flags);
+       ret = res_counter_limit_check_locked(cnt);
+       spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cnt->lock, flags);
+       return ret;
+}
+
 #endif
index 353153e..4d91bc0 100644 (file)
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <linux/linkage.h>
 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
 #include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 
 #include <asm/atomic.h>
@@ -182,6 +183,8 @@ extern void swap_setup(void);
 /* linux/mm/vmscan.c */
 extern unsigned long try_to_free_pages(struct zone **zones, int order,
                                        gfp_t gfp_mask);
+extern unsigned long try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(struct mem_cgroup *mem);
+extern int __isolate_lru_page(struct page *page, int mode);
 extern unsigned long shrink_all_memory(unsigned long nr_pages);
 extern int vm_swappiness;
 extern int remove_mapping(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *page);
index b25df2a..9e9ff91 100644 (file)
 #include <linux/cgroup.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/page-flags.h>
+#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
 #include <linux/bit_spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
+#include <linux/swap.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
 
 struct cgroup_subsys mem_cgroup_subsys;
+static const int MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES = 5;
 
 /*
  * The memory controller data structure. The memory controller controls both
@@ -51,6 +56,10 @@ struct mem_cgroup {
         */
        struct list_head active_list;
        struct list_head inactive_list;
+       /*
+        * spin_lock to protect the per cgroup LRU
+        */
+       spinlock_t lru_lock;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -141,6 +150,94 @@ void __always_inline unlock_page_cgroup(struct page *page)
        bit_spin_unlock(PAGE_CGROUP_LOCK_BIT, &page->page_cgroup);
 }
 
+void __mem_cgroup_move_lists(struct page_cgroup *pc, bool active)
+{
+       if (active)
+               list_move(&pc->lru, &pc->mem_cgroup->active_list);
+       else
+               list_move(&pc->lru, &pc->mem_cgroup->inactive_list);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This routine assumes that the appropriate zone's lru lock is already held
+ */
+void mem_cgroup_move_lists(struct page_cgroup *pc, bool active)
+{
+       struct mem_cgroup *mem;
+       if (!pc)
+               return;
+
+       mem = pc->mem_cgroup;
+
+       spin_lock(&mem->lru_lock);
+       __mem_cgroup_move_lists(pc, active);
+       spin_unlock(&mem->lru_lock);
+}
+
+unsigned long mem_cgroup_isolate_pages(unsigned long nr_to_scan,
+                                       struct list_head *dst,
+                                       unsigned long *scanned, int order,
+                                       int mode, struct zone *z,
+                                       struct mem_cgroup *mem_cont,
+                                       int active)
+{
+       unsigned long nr_taken = 0;
+       struct page *page;
+       unsigned long scan;
+       LIST_HEAD(pc_list);
+       struct list_head *src;
+       struct page_cgroup *pc;
+
+       if (active)
+               src = &mem_cont->active_list;
+       else
+               src = &mem_cont->inactive_list;
+
+       spin_lock(&mem_cont->lru_lock);
+       for (scan = 0; scan < nr_to_scan && !list_empty(src); scan++) {
+               pc = list_entry(src->prev, struct page_cgroup, lru);
+               page = pc->page;
+               VM_BUG_ON(!pc);
+
+               if (PageActive(page) && !active) {
+                       __mem_cgroup_move_lists(pc, true);
+                       scan--;
+                       continue;
+               }
+               if (!PageActive(page) && active) {
+                       __mem_cgroup_move_lists(pc, false);
+                       scan--;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * Reclaim, per zone
+                * TODO: make the active/inactive lists per zone
+                */
+               if (page_zone(page) != z)
+                       continue;
+
+               /*
+                * Check if the meta page went away from under us
+                */
+               if (!list_empty(&pc->lru))
+                       list_move(&pc->lru, &pc_list);
+               else
+                       continue;
+
+               if (__isolate_lru_page(page, mode) == 0) {
+                       list_move(&page->lru, dst);
+                       nr_taken++;
+               }
+       }
+
+       list_splice(&pc_list, src);
+       spin_unlock(&mem_cont->lru_lock);
+
+       *scanned = scan;
+       return nr_taken;
+}
+
 /*
  * Charge the memory controller for page usage.
  * Return
@@ -151,6 +248,8 @@ int mem_cgroup_charge(struct page *page, struct mm_struct *mm)
 {
        struct mem_cgroup *mem;
        struct page_cgroup *pc, *race_pc;
+       unsigned long flags;
+       unsigned long nr_retries = MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES;
 
        /*
         * Should page_cgroup's go to their own slab?
@@ -159,14 +258,20 @@ int mem_cgroup_charge(struct page *page, struct mm_struct *mm)
         * to see if the cgroup page already has a page_cgroup associated
         * with it
         */
+retry:
        lock_page_cgroup(page);
        pc = page_get_page_cgroup(page);
        /*
         * The page_cgroup exists and the page has already been accounted
         */
        if (pc) {
-               atomic_inc(&pc->ref_cnt);
-               goto done;
+               if (unlikely(!atomic_inc_not_zero(&pc->ref_cnt))) {
+                       /* this page is under being uncharged ? */
+                       unlock_page_cgroup(page);
+                       cpu_relax();
+                       goto retry;
+               } else
+                       goto done;
        }
 
        unlock_page_cgroup(page);
@@ -197,7 +302,32 @@ int mem_cgroup_charge(struct page *page, struct mm_struct *mm)
         * If we created the page_cgroup, we should free it on exceeding
         * the cgroup limit.
         */
-       if (res_counter_charge(&mem->res, 1)) {
+       while (res_counter_charge(&mem->res, 1)) {
+               if (try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(mem))
+                       continue;
+
+               /*
+                * try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages() might not give us a full
+                * picture of reclaim. Some pages are reclaimed and might be
+                * moved to swap cache or just unmapped from the cgroup.
+                * Check the limit again to see if the reclaim reduced the
+                * current usage of the cgroup before giving up
+                */
+               if (res_counter_check_under_limit(&mem->res))
+                       continue;
+                       /*
+                        * Since we control both RSS and cache, we end up with a
+                        * very interesting scenario where we end up reclaiming
+                        * memory (essentially RSS), since the memory is pushed
+                        * to swap cache, we eventually end up adding those
+                        * pages back to our list. Hence we give ourselves a
+                        * few chances before we fail
+                        */
+               else if (nr_retries--) {
+                       congestion_wait(WRITE, HZ/10);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
                css_put(&mem->css);
                goto free_pc;
        }
@@ -221,14 +351,16 @@ int mem_cgroup_charge(struct page *page, struct mm_struct *mm)
        pc->page = page;
        page_assign_page_cgroup(page, pc);
 
+       spin_lock_irqsave(&mem->lru_lock, flags);
+       list_add(&pc->lru, &mem->active_list);
+       spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mem->lru_lock, flags);
+
 done:
        unlock_page_cgroup(page);
        return 0;
 free_pc:
        kfree(pc);
-       return -ENOMEM;
 err:
-       unlock_page_cgroup(page);
        return -ENOMEM;
 }
 
@@ -240,6 +372,7 @@ void mem_cgroup_uncharge(struct page_cgroup *pc)
 {
        struct mem_cgroup *mem;
        struct page *page;
+       unsigned long flags;
 
        if (!pc)
                return;
@@ -252,6 +385,10 @@ void mem_cgroup_uncharge(struct page_cgroup *pc)
                page_assign_page_cgroup(page, NULL);
                unlock_page_cgroup(page);
                res_counter_uncharge(&mem->res, 1);
+
+               spin_lock_irqsave(&mem->lru_lock, flags);
+               list_del_init(&pc->lru);
+               spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mem->lru_lock, flags);
                kfree(pc);
        }
 }
@@ -310,6 +447,7 @@ mem_cgroup_create(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cont)
        res_counter_init(&mem->res);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mem->active_list);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mem->inactive_list);
+       spin_lock_init(&mem->lru_lock);
        return &mem->css;
 }
 
index 57b7e25..710a20b 100644 (file)
--- a/mm/swap.c
+++ b/mm/swap.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <linux/cpu.h>
 #include <linux/notifier.h>
 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
+#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
 
 /* How many pages do we try to swap or page in/out together? */
 int page_cluster;
@@ -175,6 +176,7 @@ void activate_page(struct page *page)
                SetPageActive(page);
                add_page_to_active_list(zone, page);
                __count_vm_event(PGACTIVATE);
+               mem_cgroup_move_lists(page_get_page_cgroup(page), true);
        }
        spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
 }
index e5a9597..7408a8a 100644 (file)
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
 #include <linux/freezer.h>
+#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
 
 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
 #include <asm/div64.h>
@@ -68,6 +69,15 @@ struct scan_control {
        int all_unreclaimable;
 
        int order;
+
+       /* Which cgroup do we reclaim from */
+       struct mem_cgroup *mem_cgroup;
+
+       /* Pluggable isolate pages callback */
+       unsigned long (*isolate_pages)(unsigned long nr, struct list_head *dst,
+                       unsigned long *scanned, int order, int mode,
+                       struct zone *z, struct mem_cgroup *mem_cont,
+                       int active);
 };
 
 #define lru_to_page(_head) (list_entry((_head)->prev, struct page, lru))
@@ -626,7 +636,7 @@ keep:
  *
  * returns 0 on success, -ve errno on failure.
  */
-static int __isolate_lru_page(struct page *page, int mode)
+int __isolate_lru_page(struct page *page, int mode)
 {
        int ret = -EINVAL;
 
@@ -760,6 +770,21 @@ static unsigned long isolate_lru_pages(unsigned long nr_to_scan,
        return nr_taken;
 }
 
+static unsigned long isolate_pages_global(unsigned long nr,
+                                       struct list_head *dst,
+                                       unsigned long *scanned, int order,
+                                       int mode, struct zone *z,
+                                       struct mem_cgroup *mem_cont,
+                                       int active)
+{
+       if (active)
+               return isolate_lru_pages(nr, &z->active_list, dst,
+                                               scanned, order, mode);
+       else
+               return isolate_lru_pages(nr, &z->inactive_list, dst,
+                                               scanned, order, mode);
+}
+
 /*
  * clear_active_flags() is a helper for shrink_active_list(), clearing
  * any active bits from the pages in the list.
@@ -801,11 +826,11 @@ static unsigned long shrink_inactive_list(unsigned long max_scan,
                unsigned long nr_freed;
                unsigned long nr_active;
 
-               nr_taken = isolate_lru_pages(sc->swap_cluster_max,
-                            &zone->inactive_list,
+               nr_taken = sc->isolate_pages(sc->swap_cluster_max,
                             &page_list, &nr_scan, sc->order,
                             (sc->order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER)?
-                                            ISOLATE_BOTH : ISOLATE_INACTIVE);
+                                            ISOLATE_BOTH : ISOLATE_INACTIVE,
+                               zone, sc->mem_cgroup, 0);
                nr_active = clear_active_flags(&page_list);
                __count_vm_events(PGDEACTIVATE, nr_active);
 
@@ -1018,8 +1043,9 @@ force_reclaim_mapped:
 
        lru_add_drain();
        spin_lock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
-       pgmoved = isolate_lru_pages(nr_pages, &zone->active_list,
-                           &l_hold, &pgscanned, sc->order, ISOLATE_ACTIVE);
+       pgmoved = sc->isolate_pages(nr_pages, &l_hold, &pgscanned, sc->order,
+                                       ISOLATE_ACTIVE, zone,
+                                       sc->mem_cgroup, 1);
        zone->pages_scanned += pgscanned;
        __mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_ACTIVE, -pgmoved);
        spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
@@ -1051,6 +1077,7 @@ force_reclaim_mapped:
                ClearPageActive(page);
 
                list_move(&page->lru, &zone->inactive_list);
+               mem_cgroup_move_lists(page_get_page_cgroup(page), false);
                pgmoved++;
                if (!pagevec_add(&pvec, page)) {
                        __mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_INACTIVE, pgmoved);
@@ -1079,6 +1106,7 @@ force_reclaim_mapped:
                SetPageLRU(page);
                VM_BUG_ON(!PageActive(page));
                list_move(&page->lru, &zone->active_list);
+               mem_cgroup_move_lists(page_get_page_cgroup(page), true);
                pgmoved++;
                if (!pagevec_add(&pvec, page)) {
                        __mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_ACTIVE, pgmoved);
@@ -1206,7 +1234,8 @@ static unsigned long shrink_zones(int priority, struct zone **zones,
  * holds filesystem locks which prevent writeout this might not work, and the
  * allocation attempt will fail.
  */
-unsigned long try_to_free_pages(struct zone **zones, int order, gfp_t gfp_mask)
+static unsigned long do_try_to_free_pages(struct zone **zones, gfp_t gfp_mask,
+                                         struct scan_control *sc)
 {
        int priority;
        int ret = 0;
@@ -1215,14 +1244,6 @@ unsigned long try_to_free_pages(struct zone **zones, int order, gfp_t gfp_mask)
        struct reclaim_state *reclaim_state = current->reclaim_state;
        unsigned long lru_pages = 0;
        int i;
-       struct scan_control sc = {
-               .gfp_mask = gfp_mask,
-               .may_writepage = !laptop_mode,
-               .swap_cluster_max = SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX,
-               .may_swap = 1,
-               .swappiness = vm_swappiness,
-               .order = order,
-       };
 
        count_vm_event(ALLOCSTALL);
 
@@ -1237,17 +1258,22 @@ unsigned long try_to_free_pages(struct zone **zones, int order, gfp_t gfp_mask)
        }
 
        for (priority = DEF_PRIORITY; priority >= 0; priority--) {
-               sc.nr_scanned = 0;
+               sc->nr_scanned = 0;
                if (!priority)
                        disable_swap_token();
-               nr_reclaimed += shrink_zones(priority, zones, &sc);
-               shrink_slab(sc.nr_scanned, gfp_mask, lru_pages);
+               nr_reclaimed += shrink_zones(priority, zones, sc);
+               /*
+                * Don't shrink slabs when reclaiming memory from
+                * over limit cgroups
+                */
+               if (sc->mem_cgroup == NULL)
+                       shrink_slab(sc->nr_scanned, gfp_mask, lru_pages);
                if (reclaim_state) {
                        nr_reclaimed += reclaim_state->reclaimed_slab;
                        reclaim_state->reclaimed_slab = 0;
                }
-               total_scanned += sc.nr_scanned;
-               if (nr_reclaimed >= sc.swap_cluster_max) {
+               total_scanned += sc->nr_scanned;
+               if (nr_reclaimed >= sc->swap_cluster_max) {
                        ret = 1;
                        goto out;
                }
@@ -1259,18 +1285,18 @@ unsigned long try_to_free_pages(struct zone **zones, int order, gfp_t gfp_mask)
                 * that's undesirable in laptop mode, where we *want* lumpy
                 * writeout.  So in laptop mode, write out the whole world.
                 */
-               if (total_scanned > sc.swap_cluster_max +
-                                       sc.swap_cluster_max / 2) {
+               if (total_scanned > sc->swap_cluster_max +
+                                       sc->swap_cluster_max / 2) {
                        wakeup_pdflush(laptop_mode ? 0 : total_scanned);
-                       sc.may_writepage = 1;
+                       sc->may_writepage = 1;
                }
 
                /* Take a nap, wait for some writeback to complete */
-               if (sc.nr_scanned && priority < DEF_PRIORITY - 2)
+               if (sc->nr_scanned && priority < DEF_PRIORITY - 2)
                        congestion_wait(WRITE, HZ/10);
        }
        /* top priority shrink_caches still had more to do? don't OOM, then */
-       if (!sc.all_unreclaimable)
+       if (!sc->all_unreclaimable && sc->mem_cgroup == NULL)
                ret = 1;
 out:
        /*
@@ -1293,6 +1319,54 @@ out:
        return ret;
 }
 
+unsigned long try_to_free_pages(struct zone **zones, int order, gfp_t gfp_mask)
+{
+       struct scan_control sc = {
+               .gfp_mask = gfp_mask,
+               .may_writepage = !laptop_mode,
+               .swap_cluster_max = SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX,
+               .may_swap = 1,
+               .swappiness = vm_swappiness,
+               .order = order,
+               .mem_cgroup = NULL,
+               .isolate_pages = isolate_pages_global,
+       };
+
+       return do_try_to_free_pages(zones, gfp_mask, &sc);
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_CONT
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
+#define ZONE_USERPAGES ZONE_HIGHMEM
+#else
+#define ZONE_USERPAGES ZONE_NORMAL
+#endif
+
+unsigned long try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(struct mem_cgroup *mem_cont)
+{
+       struct scan_control sc = {
+               .gfp_mask = GFP_KERNEL,
+               .may_writepage = !laptop_mode,
+               .may_swap = 1,
+               .swap_cluster_max = SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX,
+               .swappiness = vm_swappiness,
+               .order = 0,
+               .mem_cgroup = mem_cont,
+               .isolate_pages = mem_cgroup_isolate_pages,
+       };
+       int node;
+       struct zone **zones;
+
+       for_each_online_node(node) {
+               zones = NODE_DATA(node)->node_zonelists[ZONE_USERPAGES].zones;
+               if (do_try_to_free_pages(zones, sc.gfp_mask, &sc))
+                       return 1;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
  * For kswapd, balance_pgdat() will work across all this node's zones until
  * they are all at pages_high.
@@ -1328,6 +1402,8 @@ static unsigned long balance_pgdat(pg_data_t *pgdat, int order)
                .swap_cluster_max = SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX,
                .swappiness = vm_swappiness,
                .order = order,
+               .mem_cgroup = NULL,
+               .isolate_pages = isolate_pages_global,
        };
        /*
         * temp_priority is used to remember the scanning priority at which
@@ -1649,6 +1725,7 @@ unsigned long shrink_all_memory(unsigned long nr_pages)
                .swap_cluster_max = nr_pages,
                .may_writepage = 1,
                .swappiness = vm_swappiness,
+               .isolate_pages = isolate_pages_global,
        };
 
        current->reclaim_state = &reclaim_state;
@@ -1834,6 +1911,7 @@ static int __zone_reclaim(struct zone *zone, gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order)
                                        SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX),
                .gfp_mask = gfp_mask,
                .swappiness = vm_swappiness,
+               .isolate_pages = isolate_pages_global,
        };
        unsigned long slab_reclaimable;