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   1 /*                                              -*- linux-c -*-
   2  * dtlk.c - DoubleTalk PC driver for Linux
   3  *
   4  * Original author: Chris Pallotta <chris@allmedia.com>
   5  * Current maintainer: Jim Van Zandt <jrv@vanzandt.mv.com>
   6  *
   7  * 2000-03-18 Jim Van Zandt: Fix polling.
   8  *  Eliminate dtlk_timer_active flag and separate dtlk_stop_timer
   9  *  function.  Don't restart timer in dtlk_timer_tick.  Restart timer
  10  *  in dtlk_poll after every poll.  dtlk_poll returns mask (duh).
  11  *  Eliminate unused function dtlk_write_byte.  Misc. code cleanups.
  12  */
  13
  14 /* This driver is for the DoubleTalk PC, a speech synthesizer
  15    manufactured by RC Systems (http://www.rcsys.com/).  It was written
  16    based on documentation in their User's Manual file and Developer's
  17    Tools disk.
  18
  19    The DoubleTalk PC contains four voice synthesizers: text-to-speech
  20    (TTS), linear predictive coding (LPC), PCM/ADPCM, and CVSD.  It
  21    also has a tone generator.  Output data for LPC are written to the
  22    LPC port, and output data for the other modes are written to the
  23    TTS port.
  24
  25    Two kinds of data can be read from the DoubleTalk: status
  26    information (in response to the "\001?" interrogation command) is
  27    read from the TTS port, and index markers (which mark the progress
  28    of the speech) are read from the LPC port.  Not all models of the
  29    DoubleTalk PC implement index markers.  Both the TTS and LPC ports
  30    can also display status flags.
  31
  32    The DoubleTalk PC generates no interrupts.
  33
  34    These characteristics are mapped into the Unix stream I/O model as
  35    follows:
  36
  37    "write" sends bytes to the TTS port.  It is the responsibility of
  38    the user program to switch modes among TTS, PCM/ADPCM, and CVSD.
  39    This driver was written for use with the text-to-speech
  40    synthesizer.  If LPC output is needed some day, other minor device
  41    numbers can be used to select among output modes.
  42
  43    "read" gets index markers from the LPC port.  If the device does
  44    not implement index markers, the read will fail with error EINVAL.
  45
  46    Status information is available using the DTLK_INTERROGATE ioctl.
  47
  48  */
  49
  50 #include <linux/module.h>
  51
  52 #define KERNEL
  53 #include <linux/types.h>
  54 #include <linux/fs.h>
  55 #include <linux/mm.h>
  56 #include <linux/errno.h>        /* for -EBUSY */
  57 #include <linux/ioport.h>       /* for request_region */
  58 #include <linux/delay.h>        /* for loops_per_jiffy */
  59 #include <asm/io.h>             /* for inb_p, outb_p, inb, outb, etc. */
  60 #include <asm/uaccess.h>        /* for get_user, etc. */
  61 #include <linux/wait.h>         /* for wait_queue */
  62 #include <linux/init.h>         /* for __init, module_{init,exit} */
  63 #include <linux/poll.h>         /* for POLLIN, etc. */
  64 #include <linux/dtlk.h>         /* local header file for DoubleTalk values */
  65 #include <linux/devfs_fs_kernel.h>
  66 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
  67
  68 #ifdef TRACING
  69 #define TRACE_TEXT(str) printk(str);
  70 #define TRACE_RET printk(")")
  71 #else                           /* !TRACING */
  72 #define TRACE_TEXT(str) ((void) 0)
  73 #define TRACE_RET ((void) 0)
  74 #endif                          /* TRACING */
  75
  76
  77 static int dtlk_major;
  78 static int dtlk_port_lpc;
  79 static int dtlk_port_tts;
  80 static int dtlk_busy;
  81 static int dtlk_has_indexing;
  82 static unsigned int dtlk_portlist[] =
  83 {0x25e, 0x29e, 0x2de, 0x31e, 0x35e, 0x39e, 0};
  84 static wait_queue_head_t dtlk_process_list;
  85 static struct timer_list dtlk_timer;
  86
  87 /* prototypes for file_operations struct */
  88 static ssize_t dtlk_read(struct file *, char __user *,
  89                          size_t nbytes, loff_t * ppos);
  90 static ssize_t dtlk_write(struct file *, const char __user *,
  91                           size_t nbytes, loff_t * ppos);
  92 static unsigned int dtlk_poll(struct file *, poll_table *);
  93 static int dtlk_open(struct inode *, struct file *);
  94 static int dtlk_release(struct inode *, struct file *);
  95 static int dtlk_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *file,
  96                       unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg);
  97
  98 static struct file_operations dtlk_fops =
  99 {
 100         .owner          = THIS_MODULE,
 101         .read           = dtlk_read,
 102         .write          = dtlk_write,
 103         .poll           = dtlk_poll,
 104         .ioctl          = dtlk_ioctl,
 105         .open           = dtlk_open,
 106         .release        = dtlk_release,
 107 };
 108
 109 /* local prototypes */
 110 static int dtlk_dev_probe(void);
 111 static struct dtlk_settings *dtlk_interrogate(void);
 112 static int dtlk_readable(void);
 113 static char dtlk_read_lpc(void);
 114 static char dtlk_read_tts(void);
 115 static int dtlk_writeable(void);
 116 static char dtlk_write_bytes(const char *buf, int n);
 117 static char dtlk_write_tts(char);
 118 /*
 119    static void dtlk_handle_error(char, char, unsigned int);
 120  */
 121 static void dtlk_timer_tick(unsigned long data);
 122
 123 static ssize_t dtlk_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 124                          size_t count, loff_t * ppos)
 125 {
 126         unsigned int minor = iminor(file->f_dentry->d_inode);
 127         char ch;
 128         int i = 0, retries;
 129
 130         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_read");
 131         /*  printk("DoubleTalk PC - dtlk_read()\n"); */
 132
 133         if (minor != DTLK_MINOR || !dtlk_has_indexing)
 134                 return -EINVAL;
 135
 136         for (retries = 0; retries < loops_per_jiffy; retries++) {
 137                 while (i < count && dtlk_readable()) {
 138                         ch = dtlk_read_lpc();
 139                         /*        printk("dtlk_read() reads 0x%02x\n", ch); */
 140                         if (put_user(ch, buf++))
 141                                 return -EFAULT;
 142                         i++;
 143                 }
 144                 if (i)
 145                         return i;
 146                 if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
 147                         break;
 148                 msleep_interruptible(100);
 149         }
 150         if (retries == loops_per_jiffy)
 151                 printk(KERN_ERR "dtlk_read times out\n");
 152         TRACE_RET;
 153         return -EAGAIN;
 154 }
 155
 156 static ssize_t dtlk_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
 157                           size_t count, loff_t * ppos)
 158 {
 159         int i = 0, retries = 0, ch;
 160
 161         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_write");
 162 #ifdef TRACING
 163         printk(" \"");
 164         {
 165                 int i, ch;
 166                 for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 167                         if (get_user(ch, buf + i))
 168                                 return -EFAULT;
 169                         if (' ' <= ch && ch <= '~')
 170                                 printk("%c", ch);
 171                         else
 172                                 printk("\\%03o", ch);
 173                 }
 174                 printk("\"");
 175         }
 176 #endif
 177
 178         if (iminor(file->f_dentry->d_inode) != DTLK_MINOR)
 179                 return -EINVAL;
 180
 181         while (1) {
 182                 while (i < count && !get_user(ch, buf) &&
 183                        (ch == DTLK_CLEAR || dtlk_writeable())) {
 184                         dtlk_write_tts(ch);
 185                         buf++;
 186                         i++;
 187                         if (i % 5 == 0)
 188                                 /* We yield our time until scheduled
 189                                    again.  This reduces the transfer
 190                                    rate to 500 bytes/sec, but that's
 191                                    still enough to keep up with the
 192                                    speech synthesizer. */
 193                                 msleep_interruptible(1);
 194                         else {
 195                                 /* the RDY bit goes zero 2-3 usec
 196                                    after writing, and goes 1 again
 197                                    180-190 usec later.  Here, we wait
 198                                    up to 250 usec for the RDY bit to
 199                                    go nonzero. */
 200                                 for (retries = 0;
 201                                      retries < loops_per_jiffy / (4000/HZ);
 202                                      retries++)
 203                                         if (inb_p(dtlk_port_tts) &
 204                                             TTS_WRITABLE)
 205                                                 break;
 206                         }
 207                         retries = 0;
 208                 }
 209                 if (i == count)
 210                         return i;
 211                 if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
 212                         break;
 213
 214                 msleep_interruptible(1);
 215
 216                 if (++retries > 10 * HZ) { /* wait no more than 10 sec
 217                                               from last write */
 218                         printk("dtlk: write timeout.  "
 219                                "inb_p(dtlk_port_tts) = 0x%02x\n",
 220                                inb_p(dtlk_port_tts));
 221                         TRACE_RET;
 222                         return -EBUSY;
 223                 }
 224         }
 225         TRACE_RET;
 226         return -EAGAIN;
 227 }
 228
 229 static unsigned int dtlk_poll(struct file *file, poll_table * wait)
 230 {
 231         int mask = 0;
 232         unsigned long expires;
 233
 234         TRACE_TEXT(" dtlk_poll");
 235         /*
 236            static long int j;
 237            printk(".");
 238            printk("<%ld>", jiffies-j);
 239            j=jiffies;
 240          */
 241         poll_wait(file, &dtlk_process_list, wait);
 242
 243         if (dtlk_has_indexing && dtlk_readable()) {
 244                 del_timer(&dtlk_timer);
 245                 mask = POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
 246         }
 247         if (dtlk_writeable()) {
 248                 del_timer(&dtlk_timer);
 249                 mask |= POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM;
 250         }
 251         /* there are no exception conditions */
 252
 253         /* There won't be any interrupts, so we set a timer instead. */
 254         expires = jiffies + 3*HZ / 100;
 255         mod_timer(&dtlk_timer, expires);
 256
 257         return mask;
 258 }
 259
 260 static void dtlk_timer_tick(unsigned long data)
 261 {
 262         TRACE_TEXT(" dtlk_timer_tick");
 263         wake_up_interruptible(&dtlk_process_list);
 264 }
 265
 266 static int dtlk_ioctl(struct inode *inode,
 267                       struct file *file,
 268                       unsigned int cmd,
 269                       unsigned long arg)
 270 {
 271         char __user *argp = (char __user *)arg;
 272         struct dtlk_settings *sp;
 273         char portval;
 274         TRACE_TEXT(" dtlk_ioctl");
 275
 276         switch (cmd) {
 277
 278         case DTLK_INTERROGATE:
 279                 sp = dtlk_interrogate();
 280                 if (copy_to_user(argp, sp, sizeof(struct dtlk_settings)))
 281                         return -EINVAL;
 282                 return 0;
 283
 284         case DTLK_STATUS:
 285                 portval = inb_p(dtlk_port_tts);
 286                 return put_user(portval, argp);
 287
 288         default:
 289                 return -EINVAL;
 290         }
 291 }
 292
 293 static int dtlk_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 294 {
 295         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_open");
 296
 297         nonseekable_open(inode, file);
 298         switch (iminor(inode)) {
 299         case DTLK_MINOR:
 300                 if (dtlk_busy)
 301                         return -EBUSY;
 302                 return nonseekable_open(inode, file);
 303
 304         default:
 305                 return -ENXIO;
 306         }
 307 }
 308
 309 static int dtlk_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 310 {
 311         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_release");
 312
 313         switch (iminor(inode)) {
 314         case DTLK_MINOR:
 315                 break;
 316
 317         default:
 318                 break;
 319         }
 320         TRACE_RET;
 321
 322         del_timer(&dtlk_timer);
 323
 324         return 0;
 325 }
 326
 327 static int __init dtlk_init(void)
 328 {
 329         dtlk_port_lpc = 0;
 330         dtlk_port_tts = 0;
 331         dtlk_busy = 0;
 332         dtlk_major = register_chrdev(0, "dtlk", &dtlk_fops);
 333         if (dtlk_major == 0) {
 334                 printk(KERN_ERR "DoubleTalk PC - cannot register device\n");
 335                 return 0;
 336         }
 337         if (dtlk_dev_probe() == 0)
 338                 printk(", MAJOR %d\n", dtlk_major);
 339
 340         init_timer(&dtlk_timer);
 341         dtlk_timer.function = dtlk_timer_tick;
 342         init_waitqueue_head(&dtlk_process_list);
 343
 344         return 0;
 345 }
 346
 347 static void __exit dtlk_cleanup (void)
 348 {
 349         dtlk_write_bytes("goodbye", 8);
 350         msleep_interruptible(500);              /* nap 0.50 sec but
 351                                                    could be awakened
 352                                                    earlier by
 353                                                    signals... */
 354
 355         dtlk_write_tts(DTLK_CLEAR);
 356         unregister_chrdev(dtlk_major, "dtlk");
 357         release_region(dtlk_port_lpc, DTLK_IO_EXTENT);
 358 }
 359
 360 module_init(dtlk_init);
 361 module_exit(dtlk_cleanup);
 362
 363 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
 364
 365 static int dtlk_readable(void)
 366 {
 367 #ifdef TRACING
 368         printk(" dtlk_readable=%u@%u", inb_p(dtlk_port_lpc) != 0x7f, jiffies);
 369 #endif
 370         return inb_p(dtlk_port_lpc) != 0x7f;
 371 }
 372
 373 static int dtlk_writeable(void)
 374 {
 375         /* TRACE_TEXT(" dtlk_writeable"); */
 376 #ifdef TRACINGMORE
 377         printk(" dtlk_writeable=%u", (inb_p(dtlk_port_tts) & TTS_WRITABLE)!=0);
 378 #endif
 379         return inb_p(dtlk_port_tts) & TTS_WRITABLE;
 380 }
 381
 382 static int __init dtlk_dev_probe(void)
 383 {
 384         unsigned int testval = 0;
 385         int i = 0;
 386         struct dtlk_settings *sp;
 387
 388         if (dtlk_port_lpc | dtlk_port_tts)
 389                 return -EBUSY;
 390
 391         for (i = 0; dtlk_portlist[i]; i++) {
 392 #if 0
 393                 printk("DoubleTalk PC - Port %03x = %04x\n",
 394                        dtlk_portlist[i], (testval = inw_p(dtlk_portlist[i])));
 395 #endif
 396
 397                 if (!request_region(dtlk_portlist[i], DTLK_IO_EXTENT,
 398                                "dtlk"))
 399                         continue;
 400                 testval = inw_p(dtlk_portlist[i]);
 401                 if ((testval &= 0xfbff) == 0x107f) {
 402                         dtlk_port_lpc = dtlk_portlist[i];
 403                         dtlk_port_tts = dtlk_port_lpc + 1;
 404
 405                         sp = dtlk_interrogate();
 406                         printk("DoubleTalk PC at %03x-%03x, "
 407                                "ROM version %s, serial number %u",
 408                                dtlk_portlist[i], dtlk_portlist[i] +
 409                                DTLK_IO_EXTENT - 1,
 410                                sp->rom_version, sp->serial_number);
 411
 412                         /* put LPC port into known state, so
 413                            dtlk_readable() gives valid result */
 414                         outb_p(0xff, dtlk_port_lpc);
 415
 416                         /* INIT string and index marker */
 417                         dtlk_write_bytes("\036\1@\0\0012I\r", 8);
 418                         /* posting an index takes 18 msec.  Here, we
 419                            wait up to 100 msec to see whether it
 420                            appears. */
 421                         msleep_interruptible(100);
 422                         dtlk_has_indexing = dtlk_readable();
 423 #ifdef TRACING
 424                         printk(", indexing %d\n", dtlk_has_indexing);
 425 #endif
 426 #ifdef INSCOPE
 427                         {
 428 /* This macro records ten samples read from the LPC port, for later display */
 429 #define LOOK                                    \
 430 for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)                        \
 431   {                                             \
 432     buffer[b++] = inb_p(dtlk_port_lpc);         \
 433     __delay(loops_per_jiffy/(1000000/HZ));             \
 434   }
 435                                 char buffer[1000];
 436                                 int b = 0, i, j;
 437
 438                                 LOOK
 439                                 outb_p(0xff, dtlk_port_lpc);
 440                                 buffer[b++] = 0;
 441                                 LOOK
 442                                 dtlk_write_bytes("\0012I\r", 4);
 443                                 buffer[b++] = 0;
 444                                 __delay(50 * loops_per_jiffy / (1000/HZ));
 445                                 outb_p(0xff, dtlk_port_lpc);
 446                                 buffer[b++] = 0;
 447                                 LOOK
 448
 449                                 printk("\n");
 450                                 for (j = 0; j < b; j++)
 451                                         printk(" %02x", buffer[j]);
 452                                 printk("\n");
 453                         }
 454 #endif                          /* INSCOPE */
 455
 456 #ifdef OUTSCOPE
 457                         {
 458 /* This macro records ten samples read from the TTS port, for later display */
 459 #define LOOK                                    \
 460 for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)                        \
 461   {                                             \
 462     buffer[b++] = inb_p(dtlk_port_tts);         \
 463     __delay(loops_per_jiffy/(1000000/HZ));  /* 1 us */ \
 464   }
 465                                 char buffer[1000];
 466                                 int b = 0, i, j;
 467
 468                                 mdelay(10);     /* 10 ms */
 469                                 LOOK
 470                                 outb_p(0x03, dtlk_port_tts);
 471                                 buffer[b++] = 0;
 472                                 LOOK
 473                                 LOOK
 474
 475                                 printk("\n");
 476                                 for (j = 0; j < b; j++)
 477                                         printk(" %02x", buffer[j]);
 478                                 printk("\n");
 479                         }
 480 #endif                          /* OUTSCOPE */
 481
 482                         dtlk_write_bytes("Double Talk found", 18);
 483
 484                         return 0;
 485                 }
 486                 release_region(dtlk_portlist[i], DTLK_IO_EXTENT);
 487         }
 488
 489         printk(KERN_INFO "DoubleTalk PC - not found\n");
 490         return -ENODEV;
 491 }
 492
 493 /*
 494    static void dtlk_handle_error(char op, char rc, unsigned int minor)
 495    {
 496    printk(KERN_INFO"\nDoubleTalk PC - MINOR: %d, OPCODE: %d, ERROR: %d\n",
 497    minor, op, rc);
 498    return;
 499    }
 500  */
 501
 502 /* interrogate the DoubleTalk PC and return its settings */
 503 static struct dtlk_settings *dtlk_interrogate(void)
 504 {
 505         unsigned char *t;
 506         static char buf[sizeof(struct dtlk_settings) + 1];
 507         int total, i;
 508         static struct dtlk_settings status;
 509         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_interrogate");
 510         dtlk_write_bytes("\030\001?", 3);
 511         for (total = 0, i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
 512                 buf[total] = dtlk_read_tts();
 513                 if (total > 2 && buf[total] == 0x7f)
 514                         break;
 515                 if (total < sizeof(struct dtlk_settings))
 516                         total++;
 517         }
 518         /*
 519            if (i==50) printk("interrogate() read overrun\n");
 520            for (i=0; i<sizeof(buf); i++)
 521            printk(" %02x", buf[i]);
 522            printk("\n");
 523          */
 524         t = buf;
 525         status.serial_number = t[0] + t[1] * 256; /* serial number is
 526                                                      little endian */
 527         t += 2;
 528
 529         i = 0;
 530         while (*t != '\r') {
 531                 status.rom_version[i] = *t;
 532                 if (i < sizeof(status.rom_version) - 1)
 533                         i++;
 534                 t++;
 535         }
 536         status.rom_version[i] = 0;
 537         t++;
 538
 539         status.mode = *t++;
 540         status.punc_level = *t++;
 541         status.formant_freq = *t++;
 542         status.pitch = *t++;
 543         status.speed = *t++;
 544         status.volume = *t++;
 545         status.tone = *t++;
 546         status.expression = *t++;
 547         status.ext_dict_loaded = *t++;
 548         status.ext_dict_status = *t++;
 549         status.free_ram = *t++;
 550         status.articulation = *t++;
 551         status.reverb = *t++;
 552         status.eob = *t++;
 553         status.has_indexing = dtlk_has_indexing;
 554         TRACE_RET;
 555         return &status;
 556 }
 557
 558 static char dtlk_read_tts(void)
 559 {
 560         int portval, retries = 0;
 561         char ch;
 562         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_read_tts");
 563
 564         /* verify DT is ready, read char, wait for ACK */
 565         do {
 566                 portval = inb_p(dtlk_port_tts);
 567         } while ((portval & TTS_READABLE) == 0 &&
 568                  retries++ < DTLK_MAX_RETRIES);
 569         if (retries == DTLK_MAX_RETRIES)
 570                 printk(KERN_ERR "dtlk_read_tts() timeout\n");
 571
 572         ch = inb_p(dtlk_port_tts);      /* input from TTS port */
 573         ch &= 0x7f;
 574         outb_p(ch, dtlk_port_tts);
 575
 576         retries = 0;
 577         do {
 578                 portval = inb_p(dtlk_port_tts);
 579         } while ((portval & TTS_READABLE) != 0 &&
 580                  retries++ < DTLK_MAX_RETRIES);
 581         if (retries == DTLK_MAX_RETRIES)
 582                 printk(KERN_ERR "dtlk_read_tts() timeout\n");
 583
 584         TRACE_RET;
 585         return ch;
 586 }
 587
 588 static char dtlk_read_lpc(void)
 589 {
 590         int retries = 0;
 591         char ch;
 592         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_read_lpc");
 593
 594         /* no need to test -- this is only called when the port is readable */
 595
 596         ch = inb_p(dtlk_port_lpc);      /* input from LPC port */
 597
 598         outb_p(0xff, dtlk_port_lpc);
 599
 600         /* acknowledging a read takes 3-4
 601            usec.  Here, we wait up to 20 usec
 602            for the acknowledgement */
 603         retries = (loops_per_jiffy * 20) / (1000000/HZ);
 604         while (inb_p(dtlk_port_lpc) != 0x7f && --retries > 0);
 605         if (retries == 0)
 606                 printk(KERN_ERR "dtlk_read_lpc() timeout\n");
 607
 608         TRACE_RET;
 609         return ch;
 610 }
 611
 612 /* write n bytes to tts port */
 613 static char dtlk_write_bytes(const char *buf, int n)
 614 {
 615         char val = 0;
 616         /*  printk("dtlk_write_bytes(\"%-*s\", %d)\n", n, buf, n); */
 617         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_write_bytes");
 618         while (n-- > 0)
 619                 val = dtlk_write_tts(*buf++);
 620         TRACE_RET;
 621         return val;
 622 }
 623
 624 static char dtlk_write_tts(char ch)
 625 {
 626         int retries = 0;
 627 #ifdef TRACINGMORE
 628         printk("  dtlk_write_tts(");
 629         if (' ' <= ch && ch <= '~')
 630                 printk("'%c'", ch);
 631         else
 632                 printk("0x%02x", ch);
 633 #endif
 634         if (ch != DTLK_CLEAR)   /* no flow control for CLEAR command */
 635                 while ((inb_p(dtlk_port_tts) & TTS_WRITABLE) == 0 &&
 636                        retries++ < DTLK_MAX_RETRIES)    /* DT ready? */
 637                         ;
 638         if (retries == DTLK_MAX_RETRIES)
 639                 printk(KERN_ERR "dtlk_write_tts() timeout\n");
 640
 641         outb_p(ch, dtlk_port_tts);      /* output to TTS port */
 642         /* the RDY bit goes zero 2-3 usec after writing, and goes
 643            1 again 180-190 usec later.  Here, we wait up to 10
 644            usec for the RDY bit to go zero. */
 645         for (retries = 0; retries < loops_per_jiffy / (100000/HZ); retries++)
 646                 if ((inb_p(dtlk_port_tts) & TTS_WRITABLE) == 0)
 647                         break;
 648
 649 #ifdef TRACINGMORE
 650         printk(")\n");
 651 #endif
 652         return 0;
 653 }
 654
 655 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");