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   1 /*
   2  * page-types: Tool for querying page flags
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2009 Intel corporation
   5  * Copyright (C) 2009 Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
   6  */
   7
   8 #define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
   9 #include <stdio.h>
  10 #include <stdlib.h>
  11 #include <unistd.h>
  12 #include <stdint.h>
  13 #include <stdarg.h>
  14 #include <string.h>
  15 #include <getopt.h>
  16 #include <limits.h>
  17 #include <assert.h>
  18 #include <sys/types.h>
  19 #include <sys/errno.h>
  20 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
  21
  22
  23 /*
  24  * pagemap kernel ABI bits
  25  */
  26
  27 #define PM_ENTRY_BYTES      sizeof(uint64_t)
  28 #define PM_STATUS_BITS      3
  29 #define PM_STATUS_OFFSET    (64 - PM_STATUS_BITS)
  30 #define PM_STATUS_MASK      (((1LL << PM_STATUS_BITS) - 1) << PM_STATUS_OFFSET)
  31 #define PM_STATUS(nr)       (((nr) << PM_STATUS_OFFSET) & PM_STATUS_MASK)
  32 #define PM_PSHIFT_BITS      6
  33 #define PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET    (PM_STATUS_OFFSET - PM_PSHIFT_BITS)
  34 #define PM_PSHIFT_MASK      (((1LL << PM_PSHIFT_BITS) - 1) << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET)
  35 #define PM_PSHIFT(x)        (((u64) (x) << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET) & PM_PSHIFT_MASK)
  36 #define PM_PFRAME_MASK      ((1LL << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET) - 1)
  37 #define PM_PFRAME(x)        ((x) & PM_PFRAME_MASK)
  38
  39 #define PM_PRESENT          PM_STATUS(4LL)
  40 #define PM_SWAP             PM_STATUS(2LL)
  41
  42
  43 /*
  44  * kernel page flags
  45  */
  46
  47 #define KPF_BYTES               8
  48 #define PROC_KPAGEFLAGS         "/proc/kpageflags"
  49
  50 /* copied from kpageflags_read() */
  51 #define KPF_LOCKED              0
  52 #define KPF_ERROR               1
  53 #define KPF_REFERENCED          2
  54 #define KPF_UPTODATE            3
  55 #define KPF_DIRTY               4
  56 #define KPF_LRU                 5
  57 #define KPF_ACTIVE              6
  58 #define KPF_SLAB                7
  59 #define KPF_WRITEBACK           8
  60 #define KPF_RECLAIM             9
  61 #define KPF_BUDDY               10
  62
  63 /* [11-20] new additions in 2.6.31 */
  64 #define KPF_MMAP                11
  65 #define KPF_ANON                12
  66 #define KPF_SWAPCACHE           13
  67 #define KPF_SWAPBACKED          14
  68 #define KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD       15
  69 #define KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL       16
  70 #define KPF_HUGE                17
  71 #define KPF_UNEVICTABLE         18
  72 #define KPF_HWPOISON            19
  73 #define KPF_NOPAGE              20
  74 #define KPF_KSM                 21
  75
  76 /* [32-] kernel hacking assistances */
  77 #define KPF_RESERVED            32
  78 #define KPF_MLOCKED             33
  79 #define KPF_MAPPEDTODISK        34
  80 #define KPF_PRIVATE             35
  81 #define KPF_PRIVATE_2           36
  82 #define KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE       37
  83 #define KPF_ARCH                38
  84 #define KPF_UNCACHED            39
  85
  86 /* [48-] take some arbitrary free slots for expanding overloaded flags
  87  * not part of kernel API
  88  */
  89 #define KPF_READAHEAD           48
  90 #define KPF_SLOB_FREE           49
  91 #define KPF_SLUB_FROZEN         50
  92 #define KPF_SLUB_DEBUG          51
  93
  94 #define KPF_ALL_BITS            ((uint64_t)~0ULL)
  95 #define KPF_HACKERS_BITS        (0xffffULL << 32)
  96 #define KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS     (0xffffULL << 48)
  97 #define BIT(name)               (1ULL << KPF_##name)
  98 #define BITS_COMPOUND           (BIT(COMPOUND_HEAD) | BIT(COMPOUND_TAIL))
  99
 100 static char *page_flag_names[] = {
 101         [KPF_LOCKED]            = "L:locked",
 102         [KPF_ERROR]             = "E:error",
 103         [KPF_REFERENCED]        = "R:referenced",
 104         [KPF_UPTODATE]          = "U:uptodate",
 105         [KPF_DIRTY]             = "D:dirty",
 106         [KPF_LRU]               = "l:lru",
 107         [KPF_ACTIVE]            = "A:active",
 108         [KPF_SLAB]              = "S:slab",
 109         [KPF_WRITEBACK]         = "W:writeback",
 110         [KPF_RECLAIM]           = "I:reclaim",
 111         [KPF_BUDDY]             = "B:buddy",
 112
 113         [KPF_MMAP]              = "M:mmap",
 114         [KPF_ANON]              = "a:anonymous",
 115         [KPF_SWAPCACHE]         = "s:swapcache",
 116         [KPF_SWAPBACKED]        = "b:swapbacked",
 117         [KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD]     = "H:compound_head",
 118         [KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL]     = "T:compound_tail",
 119         [KPF_HUGE]              = "G:huge",
 120         [KPF_UNEVICTABLE]       = "u:unevictable",
 121         [KPF_HWPOISON]          = "X:hwpoison",
 122         [KPF_NOPAGE]            = "n:nopage",
 123         [KPF_KSM]               = "x:ksm",
 124
 125         [KPF_RESERVED]          = "r:reserved",
 126         [KPF_MLOCKED]           = "m:mlocked",
 127         [KPF_MAPPEDTODISK]      = "d:mappedtodisk",
 128         [KPF_PRIVATE]           = "P:private",
 129         [KPF_PRIVATE_2]         = "p:private_2",
 130         [KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE]     = "O:owner_private",
 131         [KPF_ARCH]              = "h:arch",
 132         [KPF_UNCACHED]          = "c:uncached",
 133
 134         [KPF_READAHEAD]         = "I:readahead",
 135         [KPF_SLOB_FREE]         = "P:slob_free",
 136         [KPF_SLUB_FROZEN]       = "A:slub_frozen",
 137         [KPF_SLUB_DEBUG]        = "E:slub_debug",
 138 };
 139
 140
 141 /*
 142  * data structures
 143  */
 144
 145 static int              opt_raw;        /* for kernel developers */
 146 static int              opt_list;       /* list pages (in ranges) */
 147 static int              opt_no_summary; /* don't show summary */
 148 static pid_t            opt_pid;        /* process to walk */
 149
 150 #define MAX_ADDR_RANGES 1024
 151 static int              nr_addr_ranges;
 152 static unsigned long    opt_offset[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
 153 static unsigned long    opt_size[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
 154
 155 #define MAX_VMAS        10240
 156 static int              nr_vmas;
 157 static unsigned long    pg_start[MAX_VMAS];
 158 static unsigned long    pg_end[MAX_VMAS];
 159 static unsigned long    voffset;
 160
 161 static int              pagemap_fd;
 162
 163 #define MAX_BIT_FILTERS 64
 164 static int              nr_bit_filters;
 165 static uint64_t         opt_mask[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
 166 static uint64_t         opt_bits[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
 167
 168 static int              page_size;
 169
 170 #define PAGES_BATCH     (64 << 10)      /* 64k pages */
 171 static int              kpageflags_fd;
 172
 173 #define HASH_SHIFT      13
 174 #define HASH_SIZE       (1 << HASH_SHIFT)
 175 #define HASH_MASK       (HASH_SIZE - 1)
 176 #define HASH_KEY(flags) (flags & HASH_MASK)
 177
 178 static unsigned long    total_pages;
 179 static unsigned long    nr_pages[HASH_SIZE];
 180 static uint64_t         page_flags[HASH_SIZE];
 181
 182
 183 /*
 184  * helper functions
 185  */
 186
 187 #define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
 188
 189 #define min_t(type, x, y) ({                    \
 190         type __min1 = (x);                      \
 191         type __min2 = (y);                      \
 192         __min1 < __min2 ? __min1 : __min2; })
 193
 194 #define max_t(type, x, y) ({                    \
 195         type __max1 = (x);                      \
 196         type __max2 = (y);                      \
 197         __max1 > __max2 ? __max1 : __max2; })
 198
 199 static unsigned long pages2mb(unsigned long pages)
 200 {
 201         return (pages * page_size) >> 20;
 202 }
 203
 204 static void fatal(const char *x, ...)
 205 {
 206         va_list ap;
 207
 208         va_start(ap, x);
 209         vfprintf(stderr, x, ap);
 210         va_end(ap);
 211         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 212 }
 213
 214
 215 /*
 216  * page flag names
 217  */
 218
 219 static char *page_flag_name(uint64_t flags)
 220 {
 221         static char buf[65];
 222         int present;
 223         int i, j;
 224
 225         for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 226                 present = (flags >> i) & 1;
 227                 if (!page_flag_names[i]) {
 228                         if (present)
 229                                 fatal("unkown flag bit %d\n", i);
 230                         continue;
 231                 }
 232                 buf[j++] = present ? page_flag_names[i][0] : '_';
 233         }
 234
 235         return buf;
 236 }
 237
 238 static char *page_flag_longname(uint64_t flags)
 239 {
 240         static char buf[1024];
 241         int i, n;
 242
 243         for (i = 0, n = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 244                 if (!page_flag_names[i])
 245                         continue;
 246                 if ((flags >> i) & 1)
 247                         n += snprintf(buf + n, sizeof(buf) - n, "%s,",
 248                                         page_flag_names[i] + 2);
 249         }
 250         if (n)
 251                 n--;
 252         buf[n] = '\0';
 253
 254         return buf;
 255 }
 256
 257
 258 /*
 259  * page list and summary
 260  */
 261
 262 static void show_page_range(unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
 263 {
 264         static uint64_t      flags0;
 265         static unsigned long voff;
 266         static unsigned long index;
 267         static unsigned long count;
 268
 269         if (flags == flags0 && offset == index + count &&
 270             (!opt_pid || voffset == voff + count)) {
 271                 count++;
 272                 return;
 273         }
 274
 275         if (count) {
 276                 if (opt_pid)
 277                         printf("%lx\t", voff);
 278                 printf("%lx\t%lx\t%s\n",
 279                                 index, count, page_flag_name(flags0));
 280         }
 281
 282         flags0 = flags;
 283         index  = offset;
 284         voff   = voffset;
 285         count  = 1;
 286 }
 287
 288 static void show_page(unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
 289 {
 290         if (opt_pid)
 291                 printf("%lx\t", voffset);
 292         printf("%lx\t%s\n", offset, page_flag_name(flags));
 293 }
 294
 295 static void show_summary(void)
 296 {
 297         int i;
 298
 299         printf("             flags\tpage-count       MB"
 300                 "  symbolic-flags\t\t\tlong-symbolic-flags\n");
 301
 302         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(nr_pages); i++) {
 303                 if (nr_pages[i])
 304                         printf("0x%016llx\t%10lu %8lu  %s\t%s\n",
 305                                 (unsigned long long)page_flags[i],
 306                                 nr_pages[i],
 307                                 pages2mb(nr_pages[i]),
 308                                 page_flag_name(page_flags[i]),
 309                                 page_flag_longname(page_flags[i]));
 310         }
 311
 312         printf("             total\t%10lu %8lu\n",
 313                         total_pages, pages2mb(total_pages));
 314 }
 315
 316
 317 /*
 318  * page flag filters
 319  */
 320
 321 static int bit_mask_ok(uint64_t flags)
 322 {
 323         int i;
 324
 325         for (i = 0; i < nr_bit_filters; i++) {
 326                 if (opt_bits[i] == KPF_ALL_BITS) {
 327                         if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) == 0)
 328                                 return 0;
 329                 } else {
 330                         if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) != opt_bits[i])
 331                                 return 0;
 332                 }
 333         }
 334
 335         return 1;
 336 }
 337
 338 static uint64_t expand_overloaded_flags(uint64_t flags)
 339 {
 340         /* SLOB/SLUB overload several page flags */
 341         if (flags & BIT(SLAB)) {
 342                 if (flags & BIT(PRIVATE))
 343                         flags ^= BIT(PRIVATE) | BIT(SLOB_FREE);
 344                 if (flags & BIT(ACTIVE))
 345                         flags ^= BIT(ACTIVE) | BIT(SLUB_FROZEN);
 346                 if (flags & BIT(ERROR))
 347                         flags ^= BIT(ERROR) | BIT(SLUB_DEBUG);
 348         }
 349
 350         /* PG_reclaim is overloaded as PG_readahead in the read path */
 351         if ((flags & (BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(WRITEBACK))) == BIT(RECLAIM))
 352                 flags ^= BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(READAHEAD);
 353
 354         return flags;
 355 }
 356
 357 static uint64_t well_known_flags(uint64_t flags)
 358 {
 359         /* hide flags intended only for kernel hacker */
 360         flags &= ~KPF_HACKERS_BITS;
 361
 362         /* hide non-hugeTLB compound pages */
 363         if ((flags & BITS_COMPOUND) && !(flags & BIT(HUGE)))
 364                 flags &= ~BITS_COMPOUND;
 365
 366         return flags;
 367 }
 368
 369
 370 /*
 371  * page frame walker
 372  */
 373
 374 static int hash_slot(uint64_t flags)
 375 {
 376         int k = HASH_KEY(flags);
 377         int i;
 378
 379         /* Explicitly reserve slot 0 for flags 0: the following logic
 380          * cannot distinguish an unoccupied slot from slot (flags==0).
 381          */
 382         if (flags == 0)
 383                 return 0;
 384
 385         /* search through the remaining (HASH_SIZE-1) slots */
 386         for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags); i++, k++) {
 387                 if (!k || k >= ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags))
 388                         k = 1;
 389                 if (page_flags[k] == 0) {
 390                         page_flags[k] = flags;
 391                         return k;
 392                 }
 393                 if (page_flags[k] == flags)
 394                         return k;
 395         }
 396
 397         fatal("hash table full: bump up HASH_SHIFT?\n");
 398         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 399 }
 400
 401 static void add_page(unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
 402 {
 403         flags = expand_overloaded_flags(flags);
 404
 405         if (!opt_raw)
 406                 flags = well_known_flags(flags);
 407
 408         if (!bit_mask_ok(flags))
 409                 return;
 410
 411         if (opt_list == 1)
 412                 show_page_range(offset, flags);
 413         else if (opt_list == 2)
 414                 show_page(offset, flags);
 415
 416         nr_pages[hash_slot(flags)]++;
 417         total_pages++;
 418 }
 419
 420 static void walk_pfn(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
 421 {
 422         unsigned long batch;
 423         unsigned long n;
 424         unsigned long i;
 425
 426         if (index > ULONG_MAX / KPF_BYTES)
 427                 fatal("index overflow: %lu\n", index);
 428
 429         lseek(kpageflags_fd, index * KPF_BYTES, SEEK_SET);
 430
 431         while (count) {
 432                 uint64_t kpageflags_buf[KPF_BYTES * PAGES_BATCH];
 433
 434                 batch = min_t(unsigned long, count, PAGES_BATCH);
 435                 n = read(kpageflags_fd, kpageflags_buf, batch * KPF_BYTES);
 436                 if (n == 0)
 437                         break;
 438                 if (n < 0) {
 439                         perror(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS);
 440                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 441                 }
 442
 443                 if (n % KPF_BYTES != 0)
 444                         fatal("partial read: %lu bytes\n", n);
 445                 n = n / KPF_BYTES;
 446
 447                 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 448                         add_page(index + i, kpageflags_buf[i]);
 449
 450                 index += batch;
 451                 count -= batch;
 452         }
 453 }
 454
 455
 456 #define PAGEMAP_BATCH   4096
 457 static unsigned long task_pfn(unsigned long pgoff)
 458 {
 459         static uint64_t buf[PAGEMAP_BATCH];
 460         static unsigned long start;
 461         static long count;
 462         uint64_t pfn;
 463
 464         if (pgoff < start || pgoff >= start + count) {
 465                 if (lseek64(pagemap_fd,
 466                             (uint64_t)pgoff * PM_ENTRY_BYTES,
 467                             SEEK_SET) < 0) {
 468                         perror("pagemap seek");
 469                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 470                 }
 471                 count = read(pagemap_fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
 472                 if (count == 0)
 473                         return 0;
 474                 if (count < 0) {
 475                         perror("pagemap read");
 476                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 477                 }
 478                 if (count % PM_ENTRY_BYTES) {
 479                         fatal("pagemap read not aligned.\n");
 480                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 481                 }
 482                 count /= PM_ENTRY_BYTES;
 483                 start = pgoff;
 484         }
 485
 486         pfn = buf[pgoff - start];
 487         if (pfn & PM_PRESENT)
 488                 pfn = PM_PFRAME(pfn);
 489         else
 490                 pfn = 0;
 491
 492         return pfn;
 493 }
 494
 495 static void walk_task(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
 496 {
 497         int i = 0;
 498         const unsigned long end = index + count;
 499
 500         while (index < end) {
 501
 502                 while (pg_end[i] <= index)
 503                         if (++i >= nr_vmas)
 504                                 return;
 505                 if (pg_start[i] >= end)
 506                         return;
 507
 508                 voffset = max_t(unsigned long, pg_start[i], index);
 509                 index   = min_t(unsigned long, pg_end[i], end);
 510
 511                 assert(voffset < index);
 512                 for (; voffset < index; voffset++) {
 513                         unsigned long pfn = task_pfn(voffset);
 514                         if (pfn)
 515                                 walk_pfn(pfn, 1);
 516                 }
 517         }
 518 }
 519
 520 static void add_addr_range(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size)
 521 {
 522         if (nr_addr_ranges >= MAX_ADDR_RANGES)
 523                 fatal("too many addr ranges\n");
 524
 525         opt_offset[nr_addr_ranges] = offset;
 526         opt_size[nr_addr_ranges] = min_t(unsigned long, size, ULONG_MAX-offset);
 527         nr_addr_ranges++;
 528 }
 529
 530 static void walk_addr_ranges(void)
 531 {
 532         int i;
 533
 534         kpageflags_fd = open(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS, O_RDONLY);
 535         if (kpageflags_fd < 0) {
 536                 perror(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS);
 537                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 538         }
 539
 540         if (!nr_addr_ranges)
 541                 add_addr_range(0, ULONG_MAX);
 542
 543         for (i = 0; i < nr_addr_ranges; i++)
 544                 if (!opt_pid)
 545                         walk_pfn(opt_offset[i], opt_size[i]);
 546                 else
 547                         walk_task(opt_offset[i], opt_size[i]);
 548
 549         close(kpageflags_fd);
 550 }
 551
 552
 553 /*
 554  * user interface
 555  */
 556
 557 static const char *page_flag_type(uint64_t flag)
 558 {
 559         if (flag & KPF_HACKERS_BITS)
 560                 return "(r)";
 561         if (flag & KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS)
 562                 return "(o)";
 563         return "   ";
 564 }
 565
 566 static void usage(void)
 567 {
 568         int i, j;
 569
 570         printf(
 571 "page-types [options]\n"
 572 "            -r|--raw                  Raw mode, for kernel developers\n"
 573 "            -a|--addr    addr-spec    Walk a range of pages\n"
 574 "            -b|--bits    bits-spec    Walk pages with specified bits\n"
 575 "            -p|--pid     pid          Walk process address space\n"
 576 #if 0 /* planned features */
 577 "            -f|--file    filename     Walk file address space\n"
 578 #endif
 579 "            -l|--list                 Show page details in ranges\n"
 580 "            -L|--list-each            Show page details one by one\n"
 581 "            -N|--no-summary           Don't show summay info\n"
 582 "            -h|--help                 Show this usage message\n"
 583 "addr-spec:\n"
 584 "            N                         one page at offset N (unit: pages)\n"
 585 "            N+M                       pages range from N to N+M-1\n"
 586 "            N,M                       pages range from N to M-1\n"
 587 "            N,                        pages range from N to end\n"
 588 "            ,M                        pages range from 0 to M-1\n"
 589 "bits-spec:\n"
 590 "            bit1,bit2                 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) != 0\n"
 591 "            bit1,bit2=bit1            (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
 592 "            bit1,~bit2                (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
 593 "            =bit1,bit2                flags == (bit1|bit2)\n"
 594 "bit-names:\n"
 595         );
 596
 597         for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 598                 if (!page_flag_names[i])
 599                         continue;
 600                 printf("%16s%s", page_flag_names[i] + 2,
 601                                  page_flag_type(1ULL << i));
 602                 if (++j > 3) {
 603                         j = 0;
 604                         putchar('\n');
 605                 }
 606         }
 607         printf("\n                                   "
 608                 "(r) raw mode bits  (o) overloaded bits\n");
 609 }
 610
 611 static unsigned long long parse_number(const char *str)
 612 {
 613         unsigned long long n;
 614
 615         n = strtoll(str, NULL, 0);
 616
 617         if (n == 0 && str[0] != '0')
 618                 fatal("invalid name or number: %s\n", str);
 619
 620         return n;
 621 }
 622
 623 static void parse_pid(const char *str)
 624 {
 625         FILE *file;
 626         char buf[5000];
 627
 628         opt_pid = parse_number(str);
 629
 630         sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/pagemap", opt_pid);
 631         pagemap_fd = open(buf, O_RDONLY);
 632         if (pagemap_fd < 0) {
 633                 perror(buf);
 634                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 635         }
 636
 637         sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/maps", opt_pid);
 638         file = fopen(buf, "r");
 639         if (!file) {
 640                 perror(buf);
 641                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 642         }
 643
 644         while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), file) != NULL) {
 645                 unsigned long vm_start;
 646                 unsigned long vm_end;
 647                 unsigned long long pgoff;
 648                 int major, minor;
 649                 char r, w, x, s;
 650                 unsigned long ino;
 651                 int n;
 652
 653                 n = sscanf(buf, "%lx-%lx %c%c%c%c %llx %x:%x %lu",
 654                            &vm_start,
 655                            &vm_end,
 656                            &r, &w, &x, &s,
 657                            &pgoff,
 658                            &major, &minor,
 659                            &ino);
 660                 if (n < 10) {
 661                         fprintf(stderr, "unexpected line: %s\n", buf);
 662                         continue;
 663                 }
 664                 pg_start[nr_vmas] = vm_start / page_size;
 665                 pg_end[nr_vmas] = vm_end / page_size;
 666                 if (++nr_vmas >= MAX_VMAS) {
 667                         fprintf(stderr, "too many VMAs\n");
 668                         break;
 669                 }
 670         }
 671         fclose(file);
 672 }
 673
 674 static void parse_file(const char *name)
 675 {
 676 }
 677
 678 static void parse_addr_range(const char *optarg)
 679 {
 680         unsigned long offset;
 681         unsigned long size;
 682         char *p;
 683
 684         p = strchr(optarg, ',');
 685         if (!p)
 686                 p = strchr(optarg, '+');
 687
 688         if (p == optarg) {
 689                 offset = 0;
 690                 size   = parse_number(p + 1);
 691         } else if (p) {
 692                 offset = parse_number(optarg);
 693                 if (p[1] == '\0')
 694                         size = ULONG_MAX;
 695                 else {
 696                         size = parse_number(p + 1);
 697                         if (*p == ',') {
 698                                 if (size < offset)
 699                                         fatal("invalid range: %lu,%lu\n",
 700                                                         offset, size);
 701                                 size -= offset;
 702                         }
 703                 }
 704         } else {
 705                 offset = parse_number(optarg);
 706                 size   = 1;
 707         }
 708
 709         add_addr_range(offset, size);
 710 }
 711
 712 static void add_bits_filter(uint64_t mask, uint64_t bits)
 713 {
 714         if (nr_bit_filters >= MAX_BIT_FILTERS)
 715                 fatal("too much bit filters\n");
 716
 717         opt_mask[nr_bit_filters] = mask;
 718         opt_bits[nr_bit_filters] = bits;
 719         nr_bit_filters++;
 720 }
 721
 722 static uint64_t parse_flag_name(const char *str, int len)
 723 {
 724         int i;
 725
 726         if (!*str || !len)
 727                 return 0;
 728
 729         if (len <= 8 && !strncmp(str, "compound", len))
 730                 return BITS_COMPOUND;
 731
 732         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 733                 if (!page_flag_names[i])
 734                         continue;
 735                 if (!strncmp(str, page_flag_names[i] + 2, len))
 736                         return 1ULL << i;
 737         }
 738
 739         return parse_number(str);
 740 }
 741
 742 static uint64_t parse_flag_names(const char *str, int all)
 743 {
 744         const char *p    = str;
 745         uint64_t   flags = 0;
 746
 747         while (1) {
 748                 if (*p == ',' || *p == '=' || *p == '\0') {
 749                         if ((*str != '~') || (*str == '~' && all && *++str))
 750                                 flags |= parse_flag_name(str, p - str);
 751                         if (*p != ',')
 752                                 break;
 753                         str = p + 1;
 754                 }
 755                 p++;
 756         }
 757
 758         return flags;
 759 }
 760
 761 static void parse_bits_mask(const char *optarg)
 762 {
 763         uint64_t mask;
 764         uint64_t bits;
 765         const char *p;
 766
 767         p = strchr(optarg, '=');
 768         if (p == optarg) {
 769                 mask = KPF_ALL_BITS;
 770                 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
 771         } else if (p) {
 772                 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
 773                 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
 774         } else if (strchr(optarg, '~')) {
 775                 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 1);
 776                 bits = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
 777         } else {
 778                 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
 779                 bits = KPF_ALL_BITS;
 780         }
 781
 782         add_bits_filter(mask, bits);
 783 }
 784
 785
 786 static struct option opts[] = {
 787         { "raw"       , 0, NULL, 'r' },
 788         { "pid"       , 1, NULL, 'p' },
 789         { "file"      , 1, NULL, 'f' },
 790         { "addr"      , 1, NULL, 'a' },
 791         { "bits"      , 1, NULL, 'b' },
 792         { "list"      , 0, NULL, 'l' },
 793         { "list-each" , 0, NULL, 'L' },
 794         { "no-summary", 0, NULL, 'N' },
 795         { "help"      , 0, NULL, 'h' },
 796         { NULL        , 0, NULL, 0 }
 797 };
 798
 799 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 800 {
 801         int c;
 802
 803         page_size = getpagesize();
 804
 805         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
 806                                 "rp:f:a:b:lLNh", opts, NULL)) != -1) {
 807                 switch (c) {
 808                 case 'r':
 809                         opt_raw = 1;
 810                         break;
 811                 case 'p':
 812                         parse_pid(optarg);
 813                         break;
 814                 case 'f':
 815                         parse_file(optarg);
 816                         break;
 817                 case 'a':
 818                         parse_addr_range(optarg);
 819                         break;
 820                 case 'b':
 821                         parse_bits_mask(optarg);
 822                         break;
 823                 case 'l':
 824                         opt_list = 1;
 825                         break;
 826                 case 'L':
 827                         opt_list = 2;
 828                         break;
 829                 case 'N':
 830                         opt_no_summary = 1;
 831                         break;
 832                 case 'h':
 833                         usage();
 834                         exit(0);
 835                 default:
 836                         usage();
 837                         exit(1);
 838                 }
 839         }
 840
 841         if (opt_list && opt_pid)
 842                 printf("voffset\t");
 843         if (opt_list == 1)
 844                 printf("offset\tlen\tflags\n");
 845         if (opt_list == 2)
 846                 printf("offset\tflags\n");
 847
 848         walk_addr_ranges();
 849
 850         if (opt_list == 1)
 851                 show_page_range(0, 0);  /* drain the buffer */
 852
 853         if (opt_no_summary)
 854                 return 0;
 855
 856         if (opt_list)
 857                 printf("\n\n");
 858
 859         show_summary();
 860
 861         return 0;
 862 }