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   1 /*
   2  * page-types: Tool for querying page flags
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2009 Intel corporation
   5  *
   6  * Authors: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
   7  *
   8  * Released under the General Public License (GPL).
   9  */
  10
  11 #define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
  12 #include <stdio.h>
  13 #include <stdlib.h>
  14 #include <unistd.h>
  15 #include <stdint.h>
  16 #include <stdarg.h>
  17 #include <string.h>
  18 #include <getopt.h>
  19 #include <limits.h>
  20 #include <assert.h>
  21 #include <sys/types.h>
  22 #include <sys/errno.h>
  23 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
  24
  25
  26 /*
  27  * pagemap kernel ABI bits
  28  */
  29
  30 #define PM_ENTRY_BYTES      sizeof(uint64_t)
  31 #define PM_STATUS_BITS      3
  32 #define PM_STATUS_OFFSET    (64 - PM_STATUS_BITS)
  33 #define PM_STATUS_MASK      (((1LL << PM_STATUS_BITS) - 1) << PM_STATUS_OFFSET)
  34 #define PM_STATUS(nr)       (((nr) << PM_STATUS_OFFSET) & PM_STATUS_MASK)
  35 #define PM_PSHIFT_BITS      6
  36 #define PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET    (PM_STATUS_OFFSET - PM_PSHIFT_BITS)
  37 #define PM_PSHIFT_MASK      (((1LL << PM_PSHIFT_BITS) - 1) << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET)
  38 #define PM_PSHIFT(x)        (((u64) (x) << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET) & PM_PSHIFT_MASK)
  39 #define PM_PFRAME_MASK      ((1LL << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET) - 1)
  40 #define PM_PFRAME(x)        ((x) & PM_PFRAME_MASK)
  41
  42 #define PM_PRESENT          PM_STATUS(4LL)
  43 #define PM_SWAP             PM_STATUS(2LL)
  44
  45
  46 /*
  47  * kernel page flags
  48  */
  49
  50 #define KPF_BYTES               8
  51 #define PROC_KPAGEFLAGS         "/proc/kpageflags"
  52
  53 /* copied from kpageflags_read() */
  54 #define KPF_LOCKED              0
  55 #define KPF_ERROR               1
  56 #define KPF_REFERENCED          2
  57 #define KPF_UPTODATE            3
  58 #define KPF_DIRTY               4
  59 #define KPF_LRU                 5
  60 #define KPF_ACTIVE              6
  61 #define KPF_SLAB                7
  62 #define KPF_WRITEBACK           8
  63 #define KPF_RECLAIM             9
  64 #define KPF_BUDDY               10
  65
  66 /* [11-20] new additions in 2.6.31 */
  67 #define KPF_MMAP                11
  68 #define KPF_ANON                12
  69 #define KPF_SWAPCACHE           13
  70 #define KPF_SWAPBACKED          14
  71 #define KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD       15
  72 #define KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL       16
  73 #define KPF_HUGE                17
  74 #define KPF_UNEVICTABLE         18
  75 #define KPF_HWPOISON            19
  76 #define KPF_NOPAGE              20
  77 #define KPF_KSM                 21
  78
  79 /* [32-] kernel hacking assistances */
  80 #define KPF_RESERVED            32
  81 #define KPF_MLOCKED             33
  82 #define KPF_MAPPEDTODISK        34
  83 #define KPF_PRIVATE             35
  84 #define KPF_PRIVATE_2           36
  85 #define KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE       37
  86 #define KPF_ARCH                38
  87 #define KPF_UNCACHED            39
  88
  89 /* [48-] take some arbitrary free slots for expanding overloaded flags
  90  * not part of kernel API
  91  */
  92 #define KPF_READAHEAD           48
  93 #define KPF_SLOB_FREE           49
  94 #define KPF_SLUB_FROZEN         50
  95 #define KPF_SLUB_DEBUG          51
  96
  97 #define KPF_ALL_BITS            ((uint64_t)~0ULL)
  98 #define KPF_HACKERS_BITS        (0xffffULL << 32)
  99 #define KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS     (0xffffULL << 48)
 100 #define BIT(name)               (1ULL << KPF_##name)
 101 #define BITS_COMPOUND           (BIT(COMPOUND_HEAD) | BIT(COMPOUND_TAIL))
 102
 103 static char *page_flag_names[] = {
 104         [KPF_LOCKED]            = "L:locked",
 105         [KPF_ERROR]             = "E:error",
 106         [KPF_REFERENCED]        = "R:referenced",
 107         [KPF_UPTODATE]          = "U:uptodate",
 108         [KPF_DIRTY]             = "D:dirty",
 109         [KPF_LRU]               = "l:lru",
 110         [KPF_ACTIVE]            = "A:active",
 111         [KPF_SLAB]              = "S:slab",
 112         [KPF_WRITEBACK]         = "W:writeback",
 113         [KPF_RECLAIM]           = "I:reclaim",
 114         [KPF_BUDDY]             = "B:buddy",
 115
 116         [KPF_MMAP]              = "M:mmap",
 117         [KPF_ANON]              = "a:anonymous",
 118         [KPF_SWAPCACHE]         = "s:swapcache",
 119         [KPF_SWAPBACKED]        = "b:swapbacked",
 120         [KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD]     = "H:compound_head",
 121         [KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL]     = "T:compound_tail",
 122         [KPF_HUGE]              = "G:huge",
 123         [KPF_UNEVICTABLE]       = "u:unevictable",
 124         [KPF_HWPOISON]          = "X:hwpoison",
 125         [KPF_NOPAGE]            = "n:nopage",
 126         [KPF_KSM]               = "x:ksm",
 127
 128         [KPF_RESERVED]          = "r:reserved",
 129         [KPF_MLOCKED]           = "m:mlocked",
 130         [KPF_MAPPEDTODISK]      = "d:mappedtodisk",
 131         [KPF_PRIVATE]           = "P:private",
 132         [KPF_PRIVATE_2]         = "p:private_2",
 133         [KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE]     = "O:owner_private",
 134         [KPF_ARCH]              = "h:arch",
 135         [KPF_UNCACHED]          = "c:uncached",
 136
 137         [KPF_READAHEAD]         = "I:readahead",
 138         [KPF_SLOB_FREE]         = "P:slob_free",
 139         [KPF_SLUB_FROZEN]       = "A:slub_frozen",
 140         [KPF_SLUB_DEBUG]        = "E:slub_debug",
 141 };
 142
 143
 144 /*
 145  * data structures
 146  */
 147
 148 static int              opt_raw;        /* for kernel developers */
 149 static int              opt_list;       /* list pages (in ranges) */
 150 static int              opt_no_summary; /* don't show summary */
 151 static pid_t            opt_pid;        /* process to walk */
 152
 153 #define MAX_ADDR_RANGES 1024
 154 static int              nr_addr_ranges;
 155 static unsigned long    opt_offset[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
 156 static unsigned long    opt_size[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
 157
 158 #define MAX_VMAS        10240
 159 static int              nr_vmas;
 160 static unsigned long    pg_start[MAX_VMAS];
 161 static unsigned long    pg_end[MAX_VMAS];
 162 static unsigned long    voffset;
 163
 164 static int              pagemap_fd;
 165
 166 #define MAX_BIT_FILTERS 64
 167 static int              nr_bit_filters;
 168 static uint64_t         opt_mask[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
 169 static uint64_t         opt_bits[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
 170
 171 static int              page_size;
 172
 173 #define PAGES_BATCH     (64 << 10)      /* 64k pages */
 174 static int              kpageflags_fd;
 175
 176 #define HASH_SHIFT      13
 177 #define HASH_SIZE       (1 << HASH_SHIFT)
 178 #define HASH_MASK       (HASH_SIZE - 1)
 179 #define HASH_KEY(flags) (flags & HASH_MASK)
 180
 181 static unsigned long    total_pages;
 182 static unsigned long    nr_pages[HASH_SIZE];
 183 static uint64_t         page_flags[HASH_SIZE];
 184
 185
 186 /*
 187  * helper functions
 188  */
 189
 190 #define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
 191
 192 #define min_t(type, x, y) ({                    \
 193         type __min1 = (x);                      \
 194         type __min2 = (y);                      \
 195         __min1 < __min2 ? __min1 : __min2; })
 196
 197 #define max_t(type, x, y) ({                    \
 198         type __max1 = (x);                      \
 199         type __max2 = (y);                      \
 200         __max1 > __max2 ? __max1 : __max2; })
 201
 202 static unsigned long pages2mb(unsigned long pages)
 203 {
 204         return (pages * page_size) >> 20;
 205 }
 206
 207 static void fatal(const char *x, ...)
 208 {
 209         va_list ap;
 210
 211         va_start(ap, x);
 212         vfprintf(stderr, x, ap);
 213         va_end(ap);
 214         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 215 }
 216
 217 int checked_open(const char *pathname, int flags)
 218 {
 219         int fd = open(pathname, flags);
 220
 221         if (fd < 0) {
 222                 perror(pathname);
 223                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 224         }
 225
 226         return fd;
 227 }
 228
 229
 230 /*
 231  * page flag names
 232  */
 233
 234 static char *page_flag_name(uint64_t flags)
 235 {
 236         static char buf[65];
 237         int present;
 238         int i, j;
 239
 240         for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 241                 present = (flags >> i) & 1;
 242                 if (!page_flag_names[i]) {
 243                         if (present)
 244                                 fatal("unkown flag bit %d\n", i);
 245                         continue;
 246                 }
 247                 buf[j++] = present ? page_flag_names[i][0] : '_';
 248         }
 249
 250         return buf;
 251 }
 252
 253 static char *page_flag_longname(uint64_t flags)
 254 {
 255         static char buf[1024];
 256         int i, n;
 257
 258         for (i = 0, n = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 259                 if (!page_flag_names[i])
 260                         continue;
 261                 if ((flags >> i) & 1)
 262                         n += snprintf(buf + n, sizeof(buf) - n, "%s,",
 263                                         page_flag_names[i] + 2);
 264         }
 265         if (n)
 266                 n--;
 267         buf[n] = '\0';
 268
 269         return buf;
 270 }
 271
 272
 273 /*
 274  * page list and summary
 275  */
 276
 277 static void show_page_range(unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
 278 {
 279         static uint64_t      flags0;
 280         static unsigned long voff;
 281         static unsigned long index;
 282         static unsigned long count;
 283
 284         if (flags == flags0 && offset == index + count &&
 285             (!opt_pid || voffset == voff + count)) {
 286                 count++;
 287                 return;
 288         }
 289
 290         if (count) {
 291                 if (opt_pid)
 292                         printf("%lx\t", voff);
 293                 printf("%lx\t%lx\t%s\n",
 294                                 index, count, page_flag_name(flags0));
 295         }
 296
 297         flags0 = flags;
 298         index  = offset;
 299         voff   = voffset;
 300         count  = 1;
 301 }
 302
 303 static void show_page(unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
 304 {
 305         if (opt_pid)
 306                 printf("%lx\t", voffset);
 307         printf("%lx\t%s\n", offset, page_flag_name(flags));
 308 }
 309
 310 static void show_summary(void)
 311 {
 312         int i;
 313
 314         printf("             flags\tpage-count       MB"
 315                 "  symbolic-flags\t\t\tlong-symbolic-flags\n");
 316
 317         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(nr_pages); i++) {
 318                 if (nr_pages[i])
 319                         printf("0x%016llx\t%10lu %8lu  %s\t%s\n",
 320                                 (unsigned long long)page_flags[i],
 321                                 nr_pages[i],
 322                                 pages2mb(nr_pages[i]),
 323                                 page_flag_name(page_flags[i]),
 324                                 page_flag_longname(page_flags[i]));
 325         }
 326
 327         printf("             total\t%10lu %8lu\n",
 328                         total_pages, pages2mb(total_pages));
 329 }
 330
 331
 332 /*
 333  * page flag filters
 334  */
 335
 336 static int bit_mask_ok(uint64_t flags)
 337 {
 338         int i;
 339
 340         for (i = 0; i < nr_bit_filters; i++) {
 341                 if (opt_bits[i] == KPF_ALL_BITS) {
 342                         if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) == 0)
 343                                 return 0;
 344                 } else {
 345                         if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) != opt_bits[i])
 346                                 return 0;
 347                 }
 348         }
 349
 350         return 1;
 351 }
 352
 353 static uint64_t expand_overloaded_flags(uint64_t flags)
 354 {
 355         /* SLOB/SLUB overload several page flags */
 356         if (flags & BIT(SLAB)) {
 357                 if (flags & BIT(PRIVATE))
 358                         flags ^= BIT(PRIVATE) | BIT(SLOB_FREE);
 359                 if (flags & BIT(ACTIVE))
 360                         flags ^= BIT(ACTIVE) | BIT(SLUB_FROZEN);
 361                 if (flags & BIT(ERROR))
 362                         flags ^= BIT(ERROR) | BIT(SLUB_DEBUG);
 363         }
 364
 365         /* PG_reclaim is overloaded as PG_readahead in the read path */
 366         if ((flags & (BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(WRITEBACK))) == BIT(RECLAIM))
 367                 flags ^= BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(READAHEAD);
 368
 369         return flags;
 370 }
 371
 372 static uint64_t well_known_flags(uint64_t flags)
 373 {
 374         /* hide flags intended only for kernel hacker */
 375         flags &= ~KPF_HACKERS_BITS;
 376
 377         /* hide non-hugeTLB compound pages */
 378         if ((flags & BITS_COMPOUND) && !(flags & BIT(HUGE)))
 379                 flags &= ~BITS_COMPOUND;
 380
 381         return flags;
 382 }
 383
 384
 385 /*
 386  * page frame walker
 387  */
 388
 389 static int hash_slot(uint64_t flags)
 390 {
 391         int k = HASH_KEY(flags);
 392         int i;
 393
 394         /* Explicitly reserve slot 0 for flags 0: the following logic
 395          * cannot distinguish an unoccupied slot from slot (flags==0).
 396          */
 397         if (flags == 0)
 398                 return 0;
 399
 400         /* search through the remaining (HASH_SIZE-1) slots */
 401         for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags); i++, k++) {
 402                 if (!k || k >= ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags))
 403                         k = 1;
 404                 if (page_flags[k] == 0) {
 405                         page_flags[k] = flags;
 406                         return k;
 407                 }
 408                 if (page_flags[k] == flags)
 409                         return k;
 410         }
 411
 412         fatal("hash table full: bump up HASH_SHIFT?\n");
 413         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 414 }
 415
 416 static void add_page(unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
 417 {
 418         flags = expand_overloaded_flags(flags);
 419
 420         if (!opt_raw)
 421                 flags = well_known_flags(flags);
 422
 423         if (!bit_mask_ok(flags))
 424                 return;
 425
 426         if (opt_list == 1)
 427                 show_page_range(offset, flags);
 428         else if (opt_list == 2)
 429                 show_page(offset, flags);
 430
 431         nr_pages[hash_slot(flags)]++;
 432         total_pages++;
 433 }
 434
 435 static void walk_pfn(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
 436 {
 437         unsigned long batch;
 438         unsigned long n;
 439         unsigned long i;
 440
 441         if (index > ULONG_MAX / KPF_BYTES)
 442                 fatal("index overflow: %lu\n", index);
 443
 444         lseek(kpageflags_fd, index * KPF_BYTES, SEEK_SET);
 445
 446         while (count) {
 447                 uint64_t kpageflags_buf[KPF_BYTES * PAGES_BATCH];
 448
 449                 batch = min_t(unsigned long, count, PAGES_BATCH);
 450                 n = read(kpageflags_fd, kpageflags_buf, batch * KPF_BYTES);
 451                 if (n == 0)
 452                         break;
 453                 if (n < 0) {
 454                         perror(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS);
 455                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 456                 }
 457
 458                 if (n % KPF_BYTES != 0)
 459                         fatal("partial read: %lu bytes\n", n);
 460                 n = n / KPF_BYTES;
 461
 462                 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 463                         add_page(index + i, kpageflags_buf[i]);
 464
 465                 index += batch;
 466                 count -= batch;
 467         }
 468 }
 469
 470
 471 #define PAGEMAP_BATCH   4096
 472 static unsigned long task_pfn(unsigned long pgoff)
 473 {
 474         static uint64_t buf[PAGEMAP_BATCH];
 475         static unsigned long start;
 476         static long count;
 477         uint64_t pfn;
 478
 479         if (pgoff < start || pgoff >= start + count) {
 480                 if (lseek64(pagemap_fd,
 481                             (uint64_t)pgoff * PM_ENTRY_BYTES,
 482                             SEEK_SET) < 0) {
 483                         perror("pagemap seek");
 484                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 485                 }
 486                 count = read(pagemap_fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
 487                 if (count == 0)
 488                         return 0;
 489                 if (count < 0) {
 490                         perror("pagemap read");
 491                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 492                 }
 493                 if (count % PM_ENTRY_BYTES) {
 494                         fatal("pagemap read not aligned.\n");
 495                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 496                 }
 497                 count /= PM_ENTRY_BYTES;
 498                 start = pgoff;
 499         }
 500
 501         pfn = buf[pgoff - start];
 502         if (pfn & PM_PRESENT)
 503                 pfn = PM_PFRAME(pfn);
 504         else
 505                 pfn = 0;
 506
 507         return pfn;
 508 }
 509
 510 static void walk_task(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
 511 {
 512         int i = 0;
 513         const unsigned long end = index + count;
 514
 515         while (index < end) {
 516
 517                 while (pg_end[i] <= index)
 518                         if (++i >= nr_vmas)
 519                                 return;
 520                 if (pg_start[i] >= end)
 521                         return;
 522
 523                 voffset = max_t(unsigned long, pg_start[i], index);
 524                 index   = min_t(unsigned long, pg_end[i], end);
 525
 526                 assert(voffset < index);
 527                 for (; voffset < index; voffset++) {
 528                         unsigned long pfn = task_pfn(voffset);
 529                         if (pfn)
 530                                 walk_pfn(pfn, 1);
 531                 }
 532         }
 533 }
 534
 535 static void add_addr_range(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size)
 536 {
 537         if (nr_addr_ranges >= MAX_ADDR_RANGES)
 538                 fatal("too many addr ranges\n");
 539
 540         opt_offset[nr_addr_ranges] = offset;
 541         opt_size[nr_addr_ranges] = min_t(unsigned long, size, ULONG_MAX-offset);
 542         nr_addr_ranges++;
 543 }
 544
 545 static void walk_addr_ranges(void)
 546 {
 547         int i;
 548
 549         kpageflags_fd = checked_open(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS, O_RDONLY);
 550
 551         if (!nr_addr_ranges)
 552                 add_addr_range(0, ULONG_MAX);
 553
 554         for (i = 0; i < nr_addr_ranges; i++)
 555                 if (!opt_pid)
 556                         walk_pfn(opt_offset[i], opt_size[i]);
 557                 else
 558                         walk_task(opt_offset[i], opt_size[i]);
 559
 560         close(kpageflags_fd);
 561 }
 562
 563
 564 /*
 565  * user interface
 566  */
 567
 568 static const char *page_flag_type(uint64_t flag)
 569 {
 570         if (flag & KPF_HACKERS_BITS)
 571                 return "(r)";
 572         if (flag & KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS)
 573                 return "(o)";
 574         return "   ";
 575 }
 576
 577 static void usage(void)
 578 {
 579         int i, j;
 580
 581         printf(
 582 "page-types [options]\n"
 583 "            -r|--raw                  Raw mode, for kernel developers\n"
 584 "            -a|--addr    addr-spec    Walk a range of pages\n"
 585 "            -b|--bits    bits-spec    Walk pages with specified bits\n"
 586 "            -p|--pid     pid          Walk process address space\n"
 587 #if 0 /* planned features */
 588 "            -f|--file    filename     Walk file address space\n"
 589 #endif
 590 "            -l|--list                 Show page details in ranges\n"
 591 "            -L|--list-each            Show page details one by one\n"
 592 "            -N|--no-summary           Don't show summay info\n"
 593 "            -h|--help                 Show this usage message\n"
 594 "addr-spec:\n"
 595 "            N                         one page at offset N (unit: pages)\n"
 596 "            N+M                       pages range from N to N+M-1\n"
 597 "            N,M                       pages range from N to M-1\n"
 598 "            N,                        pages range from N to end\n"
 599 "            ,M                        pages range from 0 to M-1\n"
 600 "bits-spec:\n"
 601 "            bit1,bit2                 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) != 0\n"
 602 "            bit1,bit2=bit1            (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
 603 "            bit1,~bit2                (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
 604 "            =bit1,bit2                flags == (bit1|bit2)\n"
 605 "bit-names:\n"
 606         );
 607
 608         for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 609                 if (!page_flag_names[i])
 610                         continue;
 611                 printf("%16s%s", page_flag_names[i] + 2,
 612                                  page_flag_type(1ULL << i));
 613                 if (++j > 3) {
 614                         j = 0;
 615                         putchar('\n');
 616                 }
 617         }
 618         printf("\n                                   "
 619                 "(r) raw mode bits  (o) overloaded bits\n");
 620 }
 621
 622 static unsigned long long parse_number(const char *str)
 623 {
 624         unsigned long long n;
 625
 626         n = strtoll(str, NULL, 0);
 627
 628         if (n == 0 && str[0] != '0')
 629                 fatal("invalid name or number: %s\n", str);
 630
 631         return n;
 632 }
 633
 634 static void parse_pid(const char *str)
 635 {
 636         FILE *file;
 637         char buf[5000];
 638
 639         opt_pid = parse_number(str);
 640
 641         sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/pagemap", opt_pid);
 642         pagemap_fd = checked_open(buf, O_RDONLY);
 643
 644         sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/maps", opt_pid);
 645         file = fopen(buf, "r");
 646         if (!file) {
 647                 perror(buf);
 648                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 649         }
 650
 651         while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), file) != NULL) {
 652                 unsigned long vm_start;
 653                 unsigned long vm_end;
 654                 unsigned long long pgoff;
 655                 int major, minor;
 656                 char r, w, x, s;
 657                 unsigned long ino;
 658                 int n;
 659
 660                 n = sscanf(buf, "%lx-%lx %c%c%c%c %llx %x:%x %lu",
 661                            &vm_start,
 662                            &vm_end,
 663                            &r, &w, &x, &s,
 664                            &pgoff,
 665                            &major, &minor,
 666                            &ino);
 667                 if (n < 10) {
 668                         fprintf(stderr, "unexpected line: %s\n", buf);
 669                         continue;
 670                 }
 671                 pg_start[nr_vmas] = vm_start / page_size;
 672                 pg_end[nr_vmas] = vm_end / page_size;
 673                 if (++nr_vmas >= MAX_VMAS) {
 674                         fprintf(stderr, "too many VMAs\n");
 675                         break;
 676                 }
 677         }
 678         fclose(file);
 679 }
 680
 681 static void parse_file(const char *name)
 682 {
 683 }
 684
 685 static void parse_addr_range(const char *optarg)
 686 {
 687         unsigned long offset;
 688         unsigned long size;
 689         char *p;
 690
 691         p = strchr(optarg, ',');
 692         if (!p)
 693                 p = strchr(optarg, '+');
 694
 695         if (p == optarg) {
 696                 offset = 0;
 697                 size   = parse_number(p + 1);
 698         } else if (p) {
 699                 offset = parse_number(optarg);
 700                 if (p[1] == '\0')
 701                         size = ULONG_MAX;
 702                 else {
 703                         size = parse_number(p + 1);
 704                         if (*p == ',') {
 705                                 if (size < offset)
 706                                         fatal("invalid range: %lu,%lu\n",
 707                                                         offset, size);
 708                                 size -= offset;
 709                         }
 710                 }
 711         } else {
 712                 offset = parse_number(optarg);
 713                 size   = 1;
 714         }
 715
 716         add_addr_range(offset, size);
 717 }
 718
 719 static void add_bits_filter(uint64_t mask, uint64_t bits)
 720 {
 721         if (nr_bit_filters >= MAX_BIT_FILTERS)
 722                 fatal("too much bit filters\n");
 723
 724         opt_mask[nr_bit_filters] = mask;
 725         opt_bits[nr_bit_filters] = bits;
 726         nr_bit_filters++;
 727 }
 728
 729 static uint64_t parse_flag_name(const char *str, int len)
 730 {
 731         int i;
 732
 733         if (!*str || !len)
 734                 return 0;
 735
 736         if (len <= 8 && !strncmp(str, "compound", len))
 737                 return BITS_COMPOUND;
 738
 739         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 740                 if (!page_flag_names[i])
 741                         continue;
 742                 if (!strncmp(str, page_flag_names[i] + 2, len))
 743                         return 1ULL << i;
 744         }
 745
 746         return parse_number(str);
 747 }
 748
 749 static uint64_t parse_flag_names(const char *str, int all)
 750 {
 751         const char *p    = str;
 752         uint64_t   flags = 0;
 753
 754         while (1) {
 755                 if (*p == ',' || *p == '=' || *p == '\0') {
 756                         if ((*str != '~') || (*str == '~' && all && *++str))
 757                                 flags |= parse_flag_name(str, p - str);
 758                         if (*p != ',')
 759                                 break;
 760                         str = p + 1;
 761                 }
 762                 p++;
 763         }
 764
 765         return flags;
 766 }
 767
 768 static void parse_bits_mask(const char *optarg)
 769 {
 770         uint64_t mask;
 771         uint64_t bits;
 772         const char *p;
 773
 774         p = strchr(optarg, '=');
 775         if (p == optarg) {
 776                 mask = KPF_ALL_BITS;
 777                 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
 778         } else if (p) {
 779                 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
 780                 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
 781         } else if (strchr(optarg, '~')) {
 782                 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 1);
 783                 bits = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
 784         } else {
 785                 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
 786                 bits = KPF_ALL_BITS;
 787         }
 788
 789         add_bits_filter(mask, bits);
 790 }
 791
 792
 793 static struct option opts[] = {
 794         { "raw"       , 0, NULL, 'r' },
 795         { "pid"       , 1, NULL, 'p' },
 796         { "file"      , 1, NULL, 'f' },
 797         { "addr"      , 1, NULL, 'a' },
 798         { "bits"      , 1, NULL, 'b' },
 799         { "list"      , 0, NULL, 'l' },
 800         { "list-each" , 0, NULL, 'L' },
 801         { "no-summary", 0, NULL, 'N' },
 802         { "help"      , 0, NULL, 'h' },
 803         { NULL        , 0, NULL, 0 }
 804 };
 805
 806 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 807 {
 808         int c;
 809
 810         page_size = getpagesize();
 811
 812         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
 813                                 "rp:f:a:b:lLNh", opts, NULL)) != -1) {
 814                 switch (c) {
 815                 case 'r':
 816                         opt_raw = 1;
 817                         break;
 818                 case 'p':
 819                         parse_pid(optarg);
 820                         break;
 821                 case 'f':
 822                         parse_file(optarg);
 823                         break;
 824                 case 'a':
 825                         parse_addr_range(optarg);
 826                         break;
 827                 case 'b':
 828                         parse_bits_mask(optarg);
 829                         break;
 830                 case 'l':
 831                         opt_list = 1;
 832                         break;
 833                 case 'L':
 834                         opt_list = 2;
 835                         break;
 836                 case 'N':
 837                         opt_no_summary = 1;
 838                         break;
 839                 case 'h':
 840                         usage();
 841                         exit(0);
 842                 default:
 843                         usage();
 844                         exit(1);
 845                 }
 846         }
 847
 848         if (opt_list && opt_pid)
 849                 printf("voffset\t");
 850         if (opt_list == 1)
 851                 printf("offset\tlen\tflags\n");
 852         if (opt_list == 2)
 853                 printf("offset\tflags\n");
 854
 855         walk_addr_ranges();
 856
 857         if (opt_list == 1)
 858                 show_page_range(0, 0);  /* drain the buffer */
 859
 860         if (opt_no_summary)
 861                 return 0;
 862
 863         if (opt_list)
 864                 printf("\n\n");
 865
 866         show_summary();
 867
 868         return 0;
 869 }