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   1 /*
   2  * page-types: Tool for querying page flags
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2009 Intel corporation
   5  * Copyright (C) 2009 Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
   6  */
   7
   8 #define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
   9 #include <stdio.h>
  10 #include <stdlib.h>
  11 #include <unistd.h>
  12 #include <stdint.h>
  13 #include <stdarg.h>
  14 #include <string.h>
  15 #include <getopt.h>
  16 #include <limits.h>
  17 #include <assert.h>
  18 #include <sys/types.h>
  19 #include <sys/errno.h>
  20 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
  21
  22
  23 /*
  24  * pagemap kernel ABI bits
  25  */
  26
  27 #define PM_ENTRY_BYTES      sizeof(uint64_t)
  28 #define PM_STATUS_BITS      3
  29 #define PM_STATUS_OFFSET    (64 - PM_STATUS_BITS)
  30 #define PM_STATUS_MASK      (((1LL << PM_STATUS_BITS) - 1) << PM_STATUS_OFFSET)
  31 #define PM_STATUS(nr)       (((nr) << PM_STATUS_OFFSET) & PM_STATUS_MASK)
  32 #define PM_PSHIFT_BITS      6
  33 #define PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET    (PM_STATUS_OFFSET - PM_PSHIFT_BITS)
  34 #define PM_PSHIFT_MASK      (((1LL << PM_PSHIFT_BITS) - 1) << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET)
  35 #define PM_PSHIFT(x)        (((u64) (x) << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET) & PM_PSHIFT_MASK)
  36 #define PM_PFRAME_MASK      ((1LL << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET) - 1)
  37 #define PM_PFRAME(x)        ((x) & PM_PFRAME_MASK)
  38
  39 #define PM_PRESENT          PM_STATUS(4LL)
  40 #define PM_SWAP             PM_STATUS(2LL)
  41
  42
  43 /*
  44  * kernel page flags
  45  */
  46
  47 #define KPF_BYTES               8
  48 #define PROC_KPAGEFLAGS         "/proc/kpageflags"
  49
  50 /* copied from kpageflags_read() */
  51 #define KPF_LOCKED              0
  52 #define KPF_ERROR               1
  53 #define KPF_REFERENCED          2
  54 #define KPF_UPTODATE            3
  55 #define KPF_DIRTY               4
  56 #define KPF_LRU                 5
  57 #define KPF_ACTIVE              6
  58 #define KPF_SLAB                7
  59 #define KPF_WRITEBACK           8
  60 #define KPF_RECLAIM             9
  61 #define KPF_BUDDY               10
  62
  63 /* [11-20] new additions in 2.6.31 */
  64 #define KPF_MMAP                11
  65 #define KPF_ANON                12
  66 #define KPF_SWAPCACHE           13
  67 #define KPF_SWAPBACKED          14
  68 #define KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD       15
  69 #define KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL       16
  70 #define KPF_HUGE                17
  71 #define KPF_UNEVICTABLE         18
  72 #define KPF_HWPOISON            19
  73 #define KPF_NOPAGE              20
  74
  75 /* [32-] kernel hacking assistances */
  76 #define KPF_RESERVED            32
  77 #define KPF_MLOCKED             33
  78 #define KPF_MAPPEDTODISK        34
  79 #define KPF_PRIVATE             35
  80 #define KPF_PRIVATE_2           36
  81 #define KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE       37
  82 #define KPF_ARCH                38
  83 #define KPF_UNCACHED            39
  84
  85 /* [48-] take some arbitrary free slots for expanding overloaded flags
  86  * not part of kernel API
  87  */
  88 #define KPF_READAHEAD           48
  89 #define KPF_SLOB_FREE           49
  90 #define KPF_SLUB_FROZEN         50
  91 #define KPF_SLUB_DEBUG          51
  92
  93 #define KPF_ALL_BITS            ((uint64_t)~0ULL)
  94 #define KPF_HACKERS_BITS        (0xffffULL << 32)
  95 #define KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS     (0xffffULL << 48)
  96 #define BIT(name)               (1ULL << KPF_##name)
  97 #define BITS_COMPOUND           (BIT(COMPOUND_HEAD) | BIT(COMPOUND_TAIL))
  98
  99 static char *page_flag_names[] = {
 100         [KPF_LOCKED]            = "L:locked",
 101         [KPF_ERROR]             = "E:error",
 102         [KPF_REFERENCED]        = "R:referenced",
 103         [KPF_UPTODATE]          = "U:uptodate",
 104         [KPF_DIRTY]             = "D:dirty",
 105         [KPF_LRU]               = "l:lru",
 106         [KPF_ACTIVE]            = "A:active",
 107         [KPF_SLAB]              = "S:slab",
 108         [KPF_WRITEBACK]         = "W:writeback",
 109         [KPF_RECLAIM]           = "I:reclaim",
 110         [KPF_BUDDY]             = "B:buddy",
 111
 112         [KPF_MMAP]              = "M:mmap",
 113         [KPF_ANON]              = "a:anonymous",
 114         [KPF_SWAPCACHE]         = "s:swapcache",
 115         [KPF_SWAPBACKED]        = "b:swapbacked",
 116         [KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD]     = "H:compound_head",
 117         [KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL]     = "T:compound_tail",
 118         [KPF_HUGE]              = "G:huge",
 119         [KPF_UNEVICTABLE]       = "u:unevictable",
 120         [KPF_HWPOISON]          = "X:hwpoison",
 121         [KPF_NOPAGE]            = "n:nopage",
 122
 123         [KPF_RESERVED]          = "r:reserved",
 124         [KPF_MLOCKED]           = "m:mlocked",
 125         [KPF_MAPPEDTODISK]      = "d:mappedtodisk",
 126         [KPF_PRIVATE]           = "P:private",
 127         [KPF_PRIVATE_2]         = "p:private_2",
 128         [KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE]     = "O:owner_private",
 129         [KPF_ARCH]              = "h:arch",
 130         [KPF_UNCACHED]          = "c:uncached",
 131
 132         [KPF_READAHEAD]         = "I:readahead",
 133         [KPF_SLOB_FREE]         = "P:slob_free",
 134         [KPF_SLUB_FROZEN]       = "A:slub_frozen",
 135         [KPF_SLUB_DEBUG]        = "E:slub_debug",
 136 };
 137
 138
 139 /*
 140  * data structures
 141  */
 142
 143 static int              opt_raw;        /* for kernel developers */
 144 static int              opt_list;       /* list pages (in ranges) */
 145 static int              opt_no_summary; /* don't show summary */
 146 static pid_t            opt_pid;        /* process to walk */
 147
 148 #define MAX_ADDR_RANGES 1024
 149 static int              nr_addr_ranges;
 150 static unsigned long    opt_offset[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
 151 static unsigned long    opt_size[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
 152
 153 #define MAX_VMAS        10240
 154 static int              nr_vmas;
 155 static unsigned long    pg_start[MAX_VMAS];
 156 static unsigned long    pg_end[MAX_VMAS];
 157 static unsigned long    voffset;
 158
 159 static int              pagemap_fd;
 160
 161 #define MAX_BIT_FILTERS 64
 162 static int              nr_bit_filters;
 163 static uint64_t         opt_mask[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
 164 static uint64_t         opt_bits[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
 165
 166 static int              page_size;
 167
 168 #define PAGES_BATCH     (64 << 10)      /* 64k pages */
 169 static int              kpageflags_fd;
 170
 171 #define HASH_SHIFT      13
 172 #define HASH_SIZE       (1 << HASH_SHIFT)
 173 #define HASH_MASK       (HASH_SIZE - 1)
 174 #define HASH_KEY(flags) (flags & HASH_MASK)
 175
 176 static unsigned long    total_pages;
 177 static unsigned long    nr_pages[HASH_SIZE];
 178 static uint64_t         page_flags[HASH_SIZE];
 179
 180
 181 /*
 182  * helper functions
 183  */
 184
 185 #define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
 186
 187 #define min_t(type, x, y) ({                    \
 188         type __min1 = (x);                      \
 189         type __min2 = (y);                      \
 190         __min1 < __min2 ? __min1 : __min2; })
 191
 192 #define max_t(type, x, y) ({                    \
 193         type __max1 = (x);                      \
 194         type __max2 = (y);                      \
 195         __max1 > __max2 ? __max1 : __max2; })
 196
 197 static unsigned long pages2mb(unsigned long pages)
 198 {
 199         return (pages * page_size) >> 20;
 200 }
 201
 202 static void fatal(const char *x, ...)
 203 {
 204         va_list ap;
 205
 206         va_start(ap, x);
 207         vfprintf(stderr, x, ap);
 208         va_end(ap);
 209         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 210 }
 211
 212
 213 /*
 214  * page flag names
 215  */
 216
 217 static char *page_flag_name(uint64_t flags)
 218 {
 219         static char buf[65];
 220         int present;
 221         int i, j;
 222
 223         for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 224                 present = (flags >> i) & 1;
 225                 if (!page_flag_names[i]) {
 226                         if (present)
 227                                 fatal("unkown flag bit %d\n", i);
 228                         continue;
 229                 }
 230                 buf[j++] = present ? page_flag_names[i][0] : '_';
 231         }
 232
 233         return buf;
 234 }
 235
 236 static char *page_flag_longname(uint64_t flags)
 237 {
 238         static char buf[1024];
 239         int i, n;
 240
 241         for (i = 0, n = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 242                 if (!page_flag_names[i])
 243                         continue;
 244                 if ((flags >> i) & 1)
 245                         n += snprintf(buf + n, sizeof(buf) - n, "%s,",
 246                                         page_flag_names[i] + 2);
 247         }
 248         if (n)
 249                 n--;
 250         buf[n] = '\0';
 251
 252         return buf;
 253 }
 254
 255
 256 /*
 257  * page list and summary
 258  */
 259
 260 static void show_page_range(unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
 261 {
 262         static uint64_t      flags0;
 263         static unsigned long voff;
 264         static unsigned long index;
 265         static unsigned long count;
 266
 267         if (flags == flags0 && offset == index + count &&
 268             (!opt_pid || voffset == voff + count)) {
 269                 count++;
 270                 return;
 271         }
 272
 273         if (count) {
 274                 if (opt_pid)
 275                         printf("%lx\t", voff);
 276                 printf("%lx\t%lx\t%s\n",
 277                                 index, count, page_flag_name(flags0));
 278         }
 279
 280         flags0 = flags;
 281         index  = offset;
 282         voff   = voffset;
 283         count  = 1;
 284 }
 285
 286 static void show_page(unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
 287 {
 288         if (opt_pid)
 289                 printf("%lx\t", voffset);
 290         printf("%lx\t%s\n", offset, page_flag_name(flags));
 291 }
 292
 293 static void show_summary(void)
 294 {
 295         int i;
 296
 297         printf("             flags\tpage-count       MB"
 298                 "  symbolic-flags\t\t\tlong-symbolic-flags\n");
 299
 300         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(nr_pages); i++) {
 301                 if (nr_pages[i])
 302                         printf("0x%016llx\t%10lu %8lu  %s\t%s\n",
 303                                 (unsigned long long)page_flags[i],
 304                                 nr_pages[i],
 305                                 pages2mb(nr_pages[i]),
 306                                 page_flag_name(page_flags[i]),
 307                                 page_flag_longname(page_flags[i]));
 308         }
 309
 310         printf("             total\t%10lu %8lu\n",
 311                         total_pages, pages2mb(total_pages));
 312 }
 313
 314
 315 /*
 316  * page flag filters
 317  */
 318
 319 static int bit_mask_ok(uint64_t flags)
 320 {
 321         int i;
 322
 323         for (i = 0; i < nr_bit_filters; i++) {
 324                 if (opt_bits[i] == KPF_ALL_BITS) {
 325                         if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) == 0)
 326                                 return 0;
 327                 } else {
 328                         if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) != opt_bits[i])
 329                                 return 0;
 330                 }
 331         }
 332
 333         return 1;
 334 }
 335
 336 static uint64_t expand_overloaded_flags(uint64_t flags)
 337 {
 338         /* SLOB/SLUB overload several page flags */
 339         if (flags & BIT(SLAB)) {
 340                 if (flags & BIT(PRIVATE))
 341                         flags ^= BIT(PRIVATE) | BIT(SLOB_FREE);
 342                 if (flags & BIT(ACTIVE))
 343                         flags ^= BIT(ACTIVE) | BIT(SLUB_FROZEN);
 344                 if (flags & BIT(ERROR))
 345                         flags ^= BIT(ERROR) | BIT(SLUB_DEBUG);
 346         }
 347
 348         /* PG_reclaim is overloaded as PG_readahead in the read path */
 349         if ((flags & (BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(WRITEBACK))) == BIT(RECLAIM))
 350                 flags ^= BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(READAHEAD);
 351
 352         return flags;
 353 }
 354
 355 static uint64_t well_known_flags(uint64_t flags)
 356 {
 357         /* hide flags intended only for kernel hacker */
 358         flags &= ~KPF_HACKERS_BITS;
 359
 360         /* hide non-hugeTLB compound pages */
 361         if ((flags & BITS_COMPOUND) && !(flags & BIT(HUGE)))
 362                 flags &= ~BITS_COMPOUND;
 363
 364         return flags;
 365 }
 366
 367
 368 /*
 369  * page frame walker
 370  */
 371
 372 static int hash_slot(uint64_t flags)
 373 {
 374         int k = HASH_KEY(flags);
 375         int i;
 376
 377         /* Explicitly reserve slot 0 for flags 0: the following logic
 378          * cannot distinguish an unoccupied slot from slot (flags==0).
 379          */
 380         if (flags == 0)
 381                 return 0;
 382
 383         /* search through the remaining (HASH_SIZE-1) slots */
 384         for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags); i++, k++) {
 385                 if (!k || k >= ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags))
 386                         k = 1;
 387                 if (page_flags[k] == 0) {
 388                         page_flags[k] = flags;
 389                         return k;
 390                 }
 391                 if (page_flags[k] == flags)
 392                         return k;
 393         }
 394
 395         fatal("hash table full: bump up HASH_SHIFT?\n");
 396         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 397 }
 398
 399 static void add_page(unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
 400 {
 401         flags = expand_overloaded_flags(flags);
 402
 403         if (!opt_raw)
 404                 flags = well_known_flags(flags);
 405
 406         if (!bit_mask_ok(flags))
 407                 return;
 408
 409         if (opt_list == 1)
 410                 show_page_range(offset, flags);
 411         else if (opt_list == 2)
 412                 show_page(offset, flags);
 413
 414         nr_pages[hash_slot(flags)]++;
 415         total_pages++;
 416 }
 417
 418 static void walk_pfn(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
 419 {
 420         unsigned long batch;
 421         unsigned long n;
 422         unsigned long i;
 423
 424         if (index > ULONG_MAX / KPF_BYTES)
 425                 fatal("index overflow: %lu\n", index);
 426
 427         lseek(kpageflags_fd, index * KPF_BYTES, SEEK_SET);
 428
 429         while (count) {
 430                 uint64_t kpageflags_buf[KPF_BYTES * PAGES_BATCH];
 431
 432                 batch = min_t(unsigned long, count, PAGES_BATCH);
 433                 n = read(kpageflags_fd, kpageflags_buf, batch * KPF_BYTES);
 434                 if (n == 0)
 435                         break;
 436                 if (n < 0) {
 437                         perror(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS);
 438                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 439                 }
 440
 441                 if (n % KPF_BYTES != 0)
 442                         fatal("partial read: %lu bytes\n", n);
 443                 n = n / KPF_BYTES;
 444
 445                 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 446                         add_page(index + i, kpageflags_buf[i]);
 447
 448                 index += batch;
 449                 count -= batch;
 450         }
 451 }
 452
 453
 454 #define PAGEMAP_BATCH   4096
 455 static unsigned long task_pfn(unsigned long pgoff)
 456 {
 457         static uint64_t buf[PAGEMAP_BATCH];
 458         static unsigned long start;
 459         static long count;
 460         uint64_t pfn;
 461
 462         if (pgoff < start || pgoff >= start + count) {
 463                 if (lseek64(pagemap_fd,
 464                             (uint64_t)pgoff * PM_ENTRY_BYTES,
 465                             SEEK_SET) < 0) {
 466                         perror("pagemap seek");
 467                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 468                 }
 469                 count = read(pagemap_fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
 470                 if (count == 0)
 471                         return 0;
 472                 if (count < 0) {
 473                         perror("pagemap read");
 474                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 475                 }
 476                 if (count % PM_ENTRY_BYTES) {
 477                         fatal("pagemap read not aligned.\n");
 478                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 479                 }
 480                 count /= PM_ENTRY_BYTES;
 481                 start = pgoff;
 482         }
 483
 484         pfn = buf[pgoff - start];
 485         if (pfn & PM_PRESENT)
 486                 pfn = PM_PFRAME(pfn);
 487         else
 488                 pfn = 0;
 489
 490         return pfn;
 491 }
 492
 493 static void walk_task(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
 494 {
 495         int i = 0;
 496         const unsigned long end = index + count;
 497
 498         while (index < end) {
 499
 500                 while (pg_end[i] <= index)
 501                         if (++i >= nr_vmas)
 502                                 return;
 503                 if (pg_start[i] >= end)
 504                         return;
 505
 506                 voffset = max_t(unsigned long, pg_start[i], index);
 507                 index   = min_t(unsigned long, pg_end[i], end);
 508
 509                 assert(voffset < index);
 510                 for (; voffset < index; voffset++) {
 511                         unsigned long pfn = task_pfn(voffset);
 512                         if (pfn)
 513                                 walk_pfn(pfn, 1);
 514                 }
 515         }
 516 }
 517
 518 static void add_addr_range(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size)
 519 {
 520         if (nr_addr_ranges >= MAX_ADDR_RANGES)
 521                 fatal("too many addr ranges\n");
 522
 523         opt_offset[nr_addr_ranges] = offset;
 524         opt_size[nr_addr_ranges] = min_t(unsigned long, size, ULONG_MAX-offset);
 525         nr_addr_ranges++;
 526 }
 527
 528 static void walk_addr_ranges(void)
 529 {
 530         int i;
 531
 532         kpageflags_fd = open(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS, O_RDONLY);
 533         if (kpageflags_fd < 0) {
 534                 perror(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS);
 535                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 536         }
 537
 538         if (!nr_addr_ranges)
 539                 add_addr_range(0, ULONG_MAX);
 540
 541         for (i = 0; i < nr_addr_ranges; i++)
 542                 if (!opt_pid)
 543                         walk_pfn(opt_offset[i], opt_size[i]);
 544                 else
 545                         walk_task(opt_offset[i], opt_size[i]);
 546
 547         close(kpageflags_fd);
 548 }
 549
 550
 551 /*
 552  * user interface
 553  */
 554
 555 static const char *page_flag_type(uint64_t flag)
 556 {
 557         if (flag & KPF_HACKERS_BITS)
 558                 return "(r)";
 559         if (flag & KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS)
 560                 return "(o)";
 561         return "   ";
 562 }
 563
 564 static void usage(void)
 565 {
 566         int i, j;
 567
 568         printf(
 569 "page-types [options]\n"
 570 "            -r|--raw                  Raw mode, for kernel developers\n"
 571 "            -a|--addr    addr-spec    Walk a range of pages\n"
 572 "            -b|--bits    bits-spec    Walk pages with specified bits\n"
 573 "            -p|--pid     pid          Walk process address space\n"
 574 #if 0 /* planned features */
 575 "            -f|--file    filename     Walk file address space\n"
 576 #endif
 577 "            -l|--list                 Show page details in ranges\n"
 578 "            -L|--list-each            Show page details one by one\n"
 579 "            -N|--no-summary           Don't show summay info\n"
 580 "            -h|--help                 Show this usage message\n"
 581 "addr-spec:\n"
 582 "            N                         one page at offset N (unit: pages)\n"
 583 "            N+M                       pages range from N to N+M-1\n"
 584 "            N,M                       pages range from N to M-1\n"
 585 "            N,                        pages range from N to end\n"
 586 "            ,M                        pages range from 0 to M-1\n"
 587 "bits-spec:\n"
 588 "            bit1,bit2                 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) != 0\n"
 589 "            bit1,bit2=bit1            (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
 590 "            bit1,~bit2                (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
 591 "            =bit1,bit2                flags == (bit1|bit2)\n"
 592 "bit-names:\n"
 593         );
 594
 595         for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 596                 if (!page_flag_names[i])
 597                         continue;
 598                 printf("%16s%s", page_flag_names[i] + 2,
 599                                  page_flag_type(1ULL << i));
 600                 if (++j > 3) {
 601                         j = 0;
 602                         putchar('\n');
 603                 }
 604         }
 605         printf("\n                                   "
 606                 "(r) raw mode bits  (o) overloaded bits\n");
 607 }
 608
 609 static unsigned long long parse_number(const char *str)
 610 {
 611         unsigned long long n;
 612
 613         n = strtoll(str, NULL, 0);
 614
 615         if (n == 0 && str[0] != '0')
 616                 fatal("invalid name or number: %s\n", str);
 617
 618         return n;
 619 }
 620
 621 static void parse_pid(const char *str)
 622 {
 623         FILE *file;
 624         char buf[5000];
 625
 626         opt_pid = parse_number(str);
 627
 628         sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/pagemap", opt_pid);
 629         pagemap_fd = open(buf, O_RDONLY);
 630         if (pagemap_fd < 0) {
 631                 perror(buf);
 632                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 633         }
 634
 635         sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/maps", opt_pid);
 636         file = fopen(buf, "r");
 637         if (!file) {
 638                 perror(buf);
 639                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 640         }
 641
 642         while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), file) != NULL) {
 643                 unsigned long vm_start;
 644                 unsigned long vm_end;
 645                 unsigned long long pgoff;
 646                 int major, minor;
 647                 char r, w, x, s;
 648                 unsigned long ino;
 649                 int n;
 650
 651                 n = sscanf(buf, "%lx-%lx %c%c%c%c %llx %x:%x %lu",
 652                            &vm_start,
 653                            &vm_end,
 654                            &r, &w, &x, &s,
 655                            &pgoff,
 656                            &major, &minor,
 657                            &ino);
 658                 if (n < 10) {
 659                         fprintf(stderr, "unexpected line: %s\n", buf);
 660                         continue;
 661                 }
 662                 pg_start[nr_vmas] = vm_start / page_size;
 663                 pg_end[nr_vmas] = vm_end / page_size;
 664                 if (++nr_vmas >= MAX_VMAS) {
 665                         fprintf(stderr, "too many VMAs\n");
 666                         break;
 667                 }
 668         }
 669         fclose(file);
 670 }
 671
 672 static void parse_file(const char *name)
 673 {
 674 }
 675
 676 static void parse_addr_range(const char *optarg)
 677 {
 678         unsigned long offset;
 679         unsigned long size;
 680         char *p;
 681
 682         p = strchr(optarg, ',');
 683         if (!p)
 684                 p = strchr(optarg, '+');
 685
 686         if (p == optarg) {
 687                 offset = 0;
 688                 size   = parse_number(p + 1);
 689         } else if (p) {
 690                 offset = parse_number(optarg);
 691                 if (p[1] == '\0')
 692                         size = ULONG_MAX;
 693                 else {
 694                         size = parse_number(p + 1);
 695                         if (*p == ',') {
 696                                 if (size < offset)
 697                                         fatal("invalid range: %lu,%lu\n",
 698                                                         offset, size);
 699                                 size -= offset;
 700                         }
 701                 }
 702         } else {
 703                 offset = parse_number(optarg);
 704                 size   = 1;
 705         }
 706
 707         add_addr_range(offset, size);
 708 }
 709
 710 static void add_bits_filter(uint64_t mask, uint64_t bits)
 711 {
 712         if (nr_bit_filters >= MAX_BIT_FILTERS)
 713                 fatal("too much bit filters\n");
 714
 715         opt_mask[nr_bit_filters] = mask;
 716         opt_bits[nr_bit_filters] = bits;
 717         nr_bit_filters++;
 718 }
 719
 720 static uint64_t parse_flag_name(const char *str, int len)
 721 {
 722         int i;
 723
 724         if (!*str || !len)
 725                 return 0;
 726
 727         if (len <= 8 && !strncmp(str, "compound", len))
 728                 return BITS_COMPOUND;
 729
 730         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 731                 if (!page_flag_names[i])
 732                         continue;
 733                 if (!strncmp(str, page_flag_names[i] + 2, len))
 734                         return 1ULL << i;
 735         }
 736
 737         return parse_number(str);
 738 }
 739
 740 static uint64_t parse_flag_names(const char *str, int all)
 741 {
 742         const char *p    = str;
 743         uint64_t   flags = 0;
 744
 745         while (1) {
 746                 if (*p == ',' || *p == '=' || *p == '\0') {
 747                         if ((*str != '~') || (*str == '~' && all && *++str))
 748                                 flags |= parse_flag_name(str, p - str);
 749                         if (*p != ',')
 750                                 break;
 751                         str = p + 1;
 752                 }
 753                 p++;
 754         }
 755
 756         return flags;
 757 }
 758
 759 static void parse_bits_mask(const char *optarg)
 760 {
 761         uint64_t mask;
 762         uint64_t bits;
 763         const char *p;
 764
 765         p = strchr(optarg, '=');
 766         if (p == optarg) {
 767                 mask = KPF_ALL_BITS;
 768                 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
 769         } else if (p) {
 770                 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
 771                 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
 772         } else if (strchr(optarg, '~')) {
 773                 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 1);
 774                 bits = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
 775         } else {
 776                 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
 777                 bits = KPF_ALL_BITS;
 778         }
 779
 780         add_bits_filter(mask, bits);
 781 }
 782
 783
 784 static struct option opts[] = {
 785         { "raw"       , 0, NULL, 'r' },
 786         { "pid"       , 1, NULL, 'p' },
 787         { "file"      , 1, NULL, 'f' },
 788         { "addr"      , 1, NULL, 'a' },
 789         { "bits"      , 1, NULL, 'b' },
 790         { "list"      , 0, NULL, 'l' },
 791         { "list-each" , 0, NULL, 'L' },
 792         { "no-summary", 0, NULL, 'N' },
 793         { "help"      , 0, NULL, 'h' },
 794         { NULL        , 0, NULL, 0 }
 795 };
 796
 797 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 798 {
 799         int c;
 800
 801         page_size = getpagesize();
 802
 803         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
 804                                 "rp:f:a:b:lLNh", opts, NULL)) != -1) {
 805                 switch (c) {
 806                 case 'r':
 807                         opt_raw = 1;
 808                         break;
 809                 case 'p':
 810                         parse_pid(optarg);
 811                         break;
 812                 case 'f':
 813                         parse_file(optarg);
 814                         break;
 815                 case 'a':
 816                         parse_addr_range(optarg);
 817                         break;
 818                 case 'b':
 819                         parse_bits_mask(optarg);
 820                         break;
 821                 case 'l':
 822                         opt_list = 1;
 823                         break;
 824                 case 'L':
 825                         opt_list = 2;
 826                         break;
 827                 case 'N':
 828                         opt_no_summary = 1;
 829                         break;
 830                 case 'h':
 831                         usage();
 832                         exit(0);
 833                 default:
 834                         usage();
 835                         exit(1);
 836                 }
 837         }
 838
 839         if (opt_list && opt_pid)
 840                 printf("voffset\t");
 841         if (opt_list == 1)
 842                 printf("offset\tlen\tflags\n");
 843         if (opt_list == 2)
 844                 printf("offset\tflags\n");
 845
 846         walk_addr_ranges();
 847
 848         if (opt_list == 1)
 849                 show_page_range(0, 0);  /* drain the buffer */
 850
 851         if (opt_no_summary)
 852                 return 0;
 853
 854         if (opt_list)
 855                 printf("\n\n");
 856
 857         show_summary();
 858
 859         return 0;
 860 }