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   1 /*
   2  * page-types: Tool for querying page flags
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2009 Intel corporation
   5  *
   6  * Authors: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
   7  *
   8  * Released under the General Public License (GPL).
   9  */
  10
  11 #define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
  12 #include <stdio.h>
  13 #include <stdlib.h>
  14 #include <unistd.h>
  15 #include <stdint.h>
  16 #include <stdarg.h>
  17 #include <string.h>
  18 #include <getopt.h>
  19 #include <limits.h>
  20 #include <assert.h>
  21 #include <sys/types.h>
  22 #include <sys/errno.h>
  23 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
  24
  25
  26 /*
  27  * pagemap kernel ABI bits
  28  */
  29
  30 #define PM_ENTRY_BYTES      sizeof(uint64_t)
  31 #define PM_STATUS_BITS      3
  32 #define PM_STATUS_OFFSET    (64 - PM_STATUS_BITS)
  33 #define PM_STATUS_MASK      (((1LL << PM_STATUS_BITS) - 1) << PM_STATUS_OFFSET)
  34 #define PM_STATUS(nr)       (((nr) << PM_STATUS_OFFSET) & PM_STATUS_MASK)
  35 #define PM_PSHIFT_BITS      6
  36 #define PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET    (PM_STATUS_OFFSET - PM_PSHIFT_BITS)
  37 #define PM_PSHIFT_MASK      (((1LL << PM_PSHIFT_BITS) - 1) << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET)
  38 #define PM_PSHIFT(x)        (((u64) (x) << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET) & PM_PSHIFT_MASK)
  39 #define PM_PFRAME_MASK      ((1LL << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET) - 1)
  40 #define PM_PFRAME(x)        ((x) & PM_PFRAME_MASK)
  41
  42 #define PM_PRESENT          PM_STATUS(4LL)
  43 #define PM_SWAP             PM_STATUS(2LL)
  44
  45
  46 /*
  47  * kernel page flags
  48  */
  49
  50 #define KPF_BYTES               8
  51 #define PROC_KPAGEFLAGS         "/proc/kpageflags"
  52
  53 /* copied from kpageflags_read() */
  54 #define KPF_LOCKED              0
  55 #define KPF_ERROR               1
  56 #define KPF_REFERENCED          2
  57 #define KPF_UPTODATE            3
  58 #define KPF_DIRTY               4
  59 #define KPF_LRU                 5
  60 #define KPF_ACTIVE              6
  61 #define KPF_SLAB                7
  62 #define KPF_WRITEBACK           8
  63 #define KPF_RECLAIM             9
  64 #define KPF_BUDDY               10
  65
  66 /* [11-20] new additions in 2.6.31 */
  67 #define KPF_MMAP                11
  68 #define KPF_ANON                12
  69 #define KPF_SWAPCACHE           13
  70 #define KPF_SWAPBACKED          14
  71 #define KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD       15
  72 #define KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL       16
  73 #define KPF_HUGE                17
  74 #define KPF_UNEVICTABLE         18
  75 #define KPF_HWPOISON            19
  76 #define KPF_NOPAGE              20
  77 #define KPF_KSM                 21
  78
  79 /* [32-] kernel hacking assistances */
  80 #define KPF_RESERVED            32
  81 #define KPF_MLOCKED             33
  82 #define KPF_MAPPEDTODISK        34
  83 #define KPF_PRIVATE             35
  84 #define KPF_PRIVATE_2           36
  85 #define KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE       37
  86 #define KPF_ARCH                38
  87 #define KPF_UNCACHED            39
  88
  89 /* [48-] take some arbitrary free slots for expanding overloaded flags
  90  * not part of kernel API
  91  */
  92 #define KPF_READAHEAD           48
  93 #define KPF_SLOB_FREE           49
  94 #define KPF_SLUB_FROZEN         50
  95 #define KPF_SLUB_DEBUG          51
  96
  97 #define KPF_ALL_BITS            ((uint64_t)~0ULL)
  98 #define KPF_HACKERS_BITS        (0xffffULL << 32)
  99 #define KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS     (0xffffULL << 48)
 100 #define BIT(name)               (1ULL << KPF_##name)
 101 #define BITS_COMPOUND           (BIT(COMPOUND_HEAD) | BIT(COMPOUND_TAIL))
 102
 103 static char *page_flag_names[] = {
 104         [KPF_LOCKED]            = "L:locked",
 105         [KPF_ERROR]             = "E:error",
 106         [KPF_REFERENCED]        = "R:referenced",
 107         [KPF_UPTODATE]          = "U:uptodate",
 108         [KPF_DIRTY]             = "D:dirty",
 109         [KPF_LRU]               = "l:lru",
 110         [KPF_ACTIVE]            = "A:active",
 111         [KPF_SLAB]              = "S:slab",
 112         [KPF_WRITEBACK]         = "W:writeback",
 113         [KPF_RECLAIM]           = "I:reclaim",
 114         [KPF_BUDDY]             = "B:buddy",
 115
 116         [KPF_MMAP]              = "M:mmap",
 117         [KPF_ANON]              = "a:anonymous",
 118         [KPF_SWAPCACHE]         = "s:swapcache",
 119         [KPF_SWAPBACKED]        = "b:swapbacked",
 120         [KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD]     = "H:compound_head",
 121         [KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL]     = "T:compound_tail",
 122         [KPF_HUGE]              = "G:huge",
 123         [KPF_UNEVICTABLE]       = "u:unevictable",
 124         [KPF_HWPOISON]          = "X:hwpoison",
 125         [KPF_NOPAGE]            = "n:nopage",
 126         [KPF_KSM]               = "x:ksm",
 127
 128         [KPF_RESERVED]          = "r:reserved",
 129         [KPF_MLOCKED]           = "m:mlocked",
 130         [KPF_MAPPEDTODISK]      = "d:mappedtodisk",
 131         [KPF_PRIVATE]           = "P:private",
 132         [KPF_PRIVATE_2]         = "p:private_2",
 133         [KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE]     = "O:owner_private",
 134         [KPF_ARCH]              = "h:arch",
 135         [KPF_UNCACHED]          = "c:uncached",
 136
 137         [KPF_READAHEAD]         = "I:readahead",
 138         [KPF_SLOB_FREE]         = "P:slob_free",
 139         [KPF_SLUB_FROZEN]       = "A:slub_frozen",
 140         [KPF_SLUB_DEBUG]        = "E:slub_debug",
 141 };
 142
 143
 144 /*
 145  * data structures
 146  */
 147
 148 static int              opt_raw;        /* for kernel developers */
 149 static int              opt_list;       /* list pages (in ranges) */
 150 static int              opt_no_summary; /* don't show summary */
 151 static pid_t            opt_pid;        /* process to walk */
 152
 153 #define MAX_ADDR_RANGES 1024
 154 static int              nr_addr_ranges;
 155 static unsigned long    opt_offset[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
 156 static unsigned long    opt_size[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
 157
 158 #define MAX_VMAS        10240
 159 static int              nr_vmas;
 160 static unsigned long    pg_start[MAX_VMAS];
 161 static unsigned long    pg_end[MAX_VMAS];
 162 static unsigned long    voffset;
 163
 164 static int              pagemap_fd;
 165
 166 #define MAX_BIT_FILTERS 64
 167 static int              nr_bit_filters;
 168 static uint64_t         opt_mask[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
 169 static uint64_t         opt_bits[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
 170
 171 static int              page_size;
 172
 173 #define PAGES_BATCH     (64 << 10)      /* 64k pages */
 174 static int              kpageflags_fd;
 175
 176 #define HASH_SHIFT      13
 177 #define HASH_SIZE       (1 << HASH_SHIFT)
 178 #define HASH_MASK       (HASH_SIZE - 1)
 179 #define HASH_KEY(flags) (flags & HASH_MASK)
 180
 181 static unsigned long    total_pages;
 182 static unsigned long    nr_pages[HASH_SIZE];
 183 static uint64_t         page_flags[HASH_SIZE];
 184
 185
 186 /*
 187  * helper functions
 188  */
 189
 190 #define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
 191
 192 #define min_t(type, x, y) ({                    \
 193         type __min1 = (x);                      \
 194         type __min2 = (y);                      \
 195         __min1 < __min2 ? __min1 : __min2; })
 196
 197 #define max_t(type, x, y) ({                    \
 198         type __max1 = (x);                      \
 199         type __max2 = (y);                      \
 200         __max1 > __max2 ? __max1 : __max2; })
 201
 202 static unsigned long pages2mb(unsigned long pages)
 203 {
 204         return (pages * page_size) >> 20;
 205 }
 206
 207 static void fatal(const char *x, ...)
 208 {
 209         va_list ap;
 210
 211         va_start(ap, x);
 212         vfprintf(stderr, x, ap);
 213         va_end(ap);
 214         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 215 }
 216
 217
 218 /*
 219  * page flag names
 220  */
 221
 222 static char *page_flag_name(uint64_t flags)
 223 {
 224         static char buf[65];
 225         int present;
 226         int i, j;
 227
 228         for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 229                 present = (flags >> i) & 1;
 230                 if (!page_flag_names[i]) {
 231                         if (present)
 232                                 fatal("unkown flag bit %d\n", i);
 233                         continue;
 234                 }
 235                 buf[j++] = present ? page_flag_names[i][0] : '_';
 236         }
 237
 238         return buf;
 239 }
 240
 241 static char *page_flag_longname(uint64_t flags)
 242 {
 243         static char buf[1024];
 244         int i, n;
 245
 246         for (i = 0, n = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 247                 if (!page_flag_names[i])
 248                         continue;
 249                 if ((flags >> i) & 1)
 250                         n += snprintf(buf + n, sizeof(buf) - n, "%s,",
 251                                         page_flag_names[i] + 2);
 252         }
 253         if (n)
 254                 n--;
 255         buf[n] = '\0';
 256
 257         return buf;
 258 }
 259
 260
 261 /*
 262  * page list and summary
 263  */
 264
 265 static void show_page_range(unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
 266 {
 267         static uint64_t      flags0;
 268         static unsigned long voff;
 269         static unsigned long index;
 270         static unsigned long count;
 271
 272         if (flags == flags0 && offset == index + count &&
 273             (!opt_pid || voffset == voff + count)) {
 274                 count++;
 275                 return;
 276         }
 277
 278         if (count) {
 279                 if (opt_pid)
 280                         printf("%lx\t", voff);
 281                 printf("%lx\t%lx\t%s\n",
 282                                 index, count, page_flag_name(flags0));
 283         }
 284
 285         flags0 = flags;
 286         index  = offset;
 287         voff   = voffset;
 288         count  = 1;
 289 }
 290
 291 static void show_page(unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
 292 {
 293         if (opt_pid)
 294                 printf("%lx\t", voffset);
 295         printf("%lx\t%s\n", offset, page_flag_name(flags));
 296 }
 297
 298 static void show_summary(void)
 299 {
 300         int i;
 301
 302         printf("             flags\tpage-count       MB"
 303                 "  symbolic-flags\t\t\tlong-symbolic-flags\n");
 304
 305         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(nr_pages); i++) {
 306                 if (nr_pages[i])
 307                         printf("0x%016llx\t%10lu %8lu  %s\t%s\n",
 308                                 (unsigned long long)page_flags[i],
 309                                 nr_pages[i],
 310                                 pages2mb(nr_pages[i]),
 311                                 page_flag_name(page_flags[i]),
 312                                 page_flag_longname(page_flags[i]));
 313         }
 314
 315         printf("             total\t%10lu %8lu\n",
 316                         total_pages, pages2mb(total_pages));
 317 }
 318
 319
 320 /*
 321  * page flag filters
 322  */
 323
 324 static int bit_mask_ok(uint64_t flags)
 325 {
 326         int i;
 327
 328         for (i = 0; i < nr_bit_filters; i++) {
 329                 if (opt_bits[i] == KPF_ALL_BITS) {
 330                         if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) == 0)
 331                                 return 0;
 332                 } else {
 333                         if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) != opt_bits[i])
 334                                 return 0;
 335                 }
 336         }
 337
 338         return 1;
 339 }
 340
 341 static uint64_t expand_overloaded_flags(uint64_t flags)
 342 {
 343         /* SLOB/SLUB overload several page flags */
 344         if (flags & BIT(SLAB)) {
 345                 if (flags & BIT(PRIVATE))
 346                         flags ^= BIT(PRIVATE) | BIT(SLOB_FREE);
 347                 if (flags & BIT(ACTIVE))
 348                         flags ^= BIT(ACTIVE) | BIT(SLUB_FROZEN);
 349                 if (flags & BIT(ERROR))
 350                         flags ^= BIT(ERROR) | BIT(SLUB_DEBUG);
 351         }
 352
 353         /* PG_reclaim is overloaded as PG_readahead in the read path */
 354         if ((flags & (BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(WRITEBACK))) == BIT(RECLAIM))
 355                 flags ^= BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(READAHEAD);
 356
 357         return flags;
 358 }
 359
 360 static uint64_t well_known_flags(uint64_t flags)
 361 {
 362         /* hide flags intended only for kernel hacker */
 363         flags &= ~KPF_HACKERS_BITS;
 364
 365         /* hide non-hugeTLB compound pages */
 366         if ((flags & BITS_COMPOUND) && !(flags & BIT(HUGE)))
 367                 flags &= ~BITS_COMPOUND;
 368
 369         return flags;
 370 }
 371
 372
 373 /*
 374  * page frame walker
 375  */
 376
 377 static int hash_slot(uint64_t flags)
 378 {
 379         int k = HASH_KEY(flags);
 380         int i;
 381
 382         /* Explicitly reserve slot 0 for flags 0: the following logic
 383          * cannot distinguish an unoccupied slot from slot (flags==0).
 384          */
 385         if (flags == 0)
 386                 return 0;
 387
 388         /* search through the remaining (HASH_SIZE-1) slots */
 389         for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags); i++, k++) {
 390                 if (!k || k >= ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags))
 391                         k = 1;
 392                 if (page_flags[k] == 0) {
 393                         page_flags[k] = flags;
 394                         return k;
 395                 }
 396                 if (page_flags[k] == flags)
 397                         return k;
 398         }
 399
 400         fatal("hash table full: bump up HASH_SHIFT?\n");
 401         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 402 }
 403
 404 static void add_page(unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
 405 {
 406         flags = expand_overloaded_flags(flags);
 407
 408         if (!opt_raw)
 409                 flags = well_known_flags(flags);
 410
 411         if (!bit_mask_ok(flags))
 412                 return;
 413
 414         if (opt_list == 1)
 415                 show_page_range(offset, flags);
 416         else if (opt_list == 2)
 417                 show_page(offset, flags);
 418
 419         nr_pages[hash_slot(flags)]++;
 420         total_pages++;
 421 }
 422
 423 static void walk_pfn(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
 424 {
 425         unsigned long batch;
 426         unsigned long n;
 427         unsigned long i;
 428
 429         if (index > ULONG_MAX / KPF_BYTES)
 430                 fatal("index overflow: %lu\n", index);
 431
 432         lseek(kpageflags_fd, index * KPF_BYTES, SEEK_SET);
 433
 434         while (count) {
 435                 uint64_t kpageflags_buf[KPF_BYTES * PAGES_BATCH];
 436
 437                 batch = min_t(unsigned long, count, PAGES_BATCH);
 438                 n = read(kpageflags_fd, kpageflags_buf, batch * KPF_BYTES);
 439                 if (n == 0)
 440                         break;
 441                 if (n < 0) {
 442                         perror(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS);
 443                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 444                 }
 445
 446                 if (n % KPF_BYTES != 0)
 447                         fatal("partial read: %lu bytes\n", n);
 448                 n = n / KPF_BYTES;
 449
 450                 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 451                         add_page(index + i, kpageflags_buf[i]);
 452
 453                 index += batch;
 454                 count -= batch;
 455         }
 456 }
 457
 458
 459 #define PAGEMAP_BATCH   4096
 460 static unsigned long task_pfn(unsigned long pgoff)
 461 {
 462         static uint64_t buf[PAGEMAP_BATCH];
 463         static unsigned long start;
 464         static long count;
 465         uint64_t pfn;
 466
 467         if (pgoff < start || pgoff >= start + count) {
 468                 if (lseek64(pagemap_fd,
 469                             (uint64_t)pgoff * PM_ENTRY_BYTES,
 470                             SEEK_SET) < 0) {
 471                         perror("pagemap seek");
 472                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 473                 }
 474                 count = read(pagemap_fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
 475                 if (count == 0)
 476                         return 0;
 477                 if (count < 0) {
 478                         perror("pagemap read");
 479                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 480                 }
 481                 if (count % PM_ENTRY_BYTES) {
 482                         fatal("pagemap read not aligned.\n");
 483                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 484                 }
 485                 count /= PM_ENTRY_BYTES;
 486                 start = pgoff;
 487         }
 488
 489         pfn = buf[pgoff - start];
 490         if (pfn & PM_PRESENT)
 491                 pfn = PM_PFRAME(pfn);
 492         else
 493                 pfn = 0;
 494
 495         return pfn;
 496 }
 497
 498 static void walk_task(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
 499 {
 500         int i = 0;
 501         const unsigned long end = index + count;
 502
 503         while (index < end) {
 504
 505                 while (pg_end[i] <= index)
 506                         if (++i >= nr_vmas)
 507                                 return;
 508                 if (pg_start[i] >= end)
 509                         return;
 510
 511                 voffset = max_t(unsigned long, pg_start[i], index);
 512                 index   = min_t(unsigned long, pg_end[i], end);
 513
 514                 assert(voffset < index);
 515                 for (; voffset < index; voffset++) {
 516                         unsigned long pfn = task_pfn(voffset);
 517                         if (pfn)
 518                                 walk_pfn(pfn, 1);
 519                 }
 520         }
 521 }
 522
 523 static void add_addr_range(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size)
 524 {
 525         if (nr_addr_ranges >= MAX_ADDR_RANGES)
 526                 fatal("too many addr ranges\n");
 527
 528         opt_offset[nr_addr_ranges] = offset;
 529         opt_size[nr_addr_ranges] = min_t(unsigned long, size, ULONG_MAX-offset);
 530         nr_addr_ranges++;
 531 }
 532
 533 static void walk_addr_ranges(void)
 534 {
 535         int i;
 536
 537         kpageflags_fd = open(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS, O_RDONLY);
 538         if (kpageflags_fd < 0) {
 539                 perror(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS);
 540                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 541         }
 542
 543         if (!nr_addr_ranges)
 544                 add_addr_range(0, ULONG_MAX);
 545
 546         for (i = 0; i < nr_addr_ranges; i++)
 547                 if (!opt_pid)
 548                         walk_pfn(opt_offset[i], opt_size[i]);
 549                 else
 550                         walk_task(opt_offset[i], opt_size[i]);
 551
 552         close(kpageflags_fd);
 553 }
 554
 555
 556 /*
 557  * user interface
 558  */
 559
 560 static const char *page_flag_type(uint64_t flag)
 561 {
 562         if (flag & KPF_HACKERS_BITS)
 563                 return "(r)";
 564         if (flag & KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS)
 565                 return "(o)";
 566         return "   ";
 567 }
 568
 569 static void usage(void)
 570 {
 571         int i, j;
 572
 573         printf(
 574 "page-types [options]\n"
 575 "            -r|--raw                  Raw mode, for kernel developers\n"
 576 "            -a|--addr    addr-spec    Walk a range of pages\n"
 577 "            -b|--bits    bits-spec    Walk pages with specified bits\n"
 578 "            -p|--pid     pid          Walk process address space\n"
 579 #if 0 /* planned features */
 580 "            -f|--file    filename     Walk file address space\n"
 581 #endif
 582 "            -l|--list                 Show page details in ranges\n"
 583 "            -L|--list-each            Show page details one by one\n"
 584 "            -N|--no-summary           Don't show summay info\n"
 585 "            -h|--help                 Show this usage message\n"
 586 "addr-spec:\n"
 587 "            N                         one page at offset N (unit: pages)\n"
 588 "            N+M                       pages range from N to N+M-1\n"
 589 "            N,M                       pages range from N to M-1\n"
 590 "            N,                        pages range from N to end\n"
 591 "            ,M                        pages range from 0 to M-1\n"
 592 "bits-spec:\n"
 593 "            bit1,bit2                 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) != 0\n"
 594 "            bit1,bit2=bit1            (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
 595 "            bit1,~bit2                (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
 596 "            =bit1,bit2                flags == (bit1|bit2)\n"
 597 "bit-names:\n"
 598         );
 599
 600         for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 601                 if (!page_flag_names[i])
 602                         continue;
 603                 printf("%16s%s", page_flag_names[i] + 2,
 604                                  page_flag_type(1ULL << i));
 605                 if (++j > 3) {
 606                         j = 0;
 607                         putchar('\n');
 608                 }
 609         }
 610         printf("\n                                   "
 611                 "(r) raw mode bits  (o) overloaded bits\n");
 612 }
 613
 614 static unsigned long long parse_number(const char *str)
 615 {
 616         unsigned long long n;
 617
 618         n = strtoll(str, NULL, 0);
 619
 620         if (n == 0 && str[0] != '0')
 621                 fatal("invalid name or number: %s\n", str);
 622
 623         return n;
 624 }
 625
 626 static void parse_pid(const char *str)
 627 {
 628         FILE *file;
 629         char buf[5000];
 630
 631         opt_pid = parse_number(str);
 632
 633         sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/pagemap", opt_pid);
 634         pagemap_fd = open(buf, O_RDONLY);
 635         if (pagemap_fd < 0) {
 636                 perror(buf);
 637                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 638         }
 639
 640         sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/maps", opt_pid);
 641         file = fopen(buf, "r");
 642         if (!file) {
 643                 perror(buf);
 644                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 645         }
 646
 647         while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), file) != NULL) {
 648                 unsigned long vm_start;
 649                 unsigned long vm_end;
 650                 unsigned long long pgoff;
 651                 int major, minor;
 652                 char r, w, x, s;
 653                 unsigned long ino;
 654                 int n;
 655
 656                 n = sscanf(buf, "%lx-%lx %c%c%c%c %llx %x:%x %lu",
 657                            &vm_start,
 658                            &vm_end,
 659                            &r, &w, &x, &s,
 660                            &pgoff,
 661                            &major, &minor,
 662                            &ino);
 663                 if (n < 10) {
 664                         fprintf(stderr, "unexpected line: %s\n", buf);
 665                         continue;
 666                 }
 667                 pg_start[nr_vmas] = vm_start / page_size;
 668                 pg_end[nr_vmas] = vm_end / page_size;
 669                 if (++nr_vmas >= MAX_VMAS) {
 670                         fprintf(stderr, "too many VMAs\n");
 671                         break;
 672                 }
 673         }
 674         fclose(file);
 675 }
 676
 677 static void parse_file(const char *name)
 678 {
 679 }
 680
 681 static void parse_addr_range(const char *optarg)
 682 {
 683         unsigned long offset;
 684         unsigned long size;
 685         char *p;
 686
 687         p = strchr(optarg, ',');
 688         if (!p)
 689                 p = strchr(optarg, '+');
 690
 691         if (p == optarg) {
 692                 offset = 0;
 693                 size   = parse_number(p + 1);
 694         } else if (p) {
 695                 offset = parse_number(optarg);
 696                 if (p[1] == '\0')
 697                         size = ULONG_MAX;
 698                 else {
 699                         size = parse_number(p + 1);
 700                         if (*p == ',') {
 701                                 if (size < offset)
 702                                         fatal("invalid range: %lu,%lu\n",
 703                                                         offset, size);
 704                                 size -= offset;
 705                         }
 706                 }
 707         } else {
 708                 offset = parse_number(optarg);
 709                 size   = 1;
 710         }
 711
 712         add_addr_range(offset, size);
 713 }
 714
 715 static void add_bits_filter(uint64_t mask, uint64_t bits)
 716 {
 717         if (nr_bit_filters >= MAX_BIT_FILTERS)
 718                 fatal("too much bit filters\n");
 719
 720         opt_mask[nr_bit_filters] = mask;
 721         opt_bits[nr_bit_filters] = bits;
 722         nr_bit_filters++;
 723 }
 724
 725 static uint64_t parse_flag_name(const char *str, int len)
 726 {
 727         int i;
 728
 729         if (!*str || !len)
 730                 return 0;
 731
 732         if (len <= 8 && !strncmp(str, "compound", len))
 733                 return BITS_COMPOUND;
 734
 735         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
 736                 if (!page_flag_names[i])
 737                         continue;
 738                 if (!strncmp(str, page_flag_names[i] + 2, len))
 739                         return 1ULL << i;
 740         }
 741
 742         return parse_number(str);
 743 }
 744
 745 static uint64_t parse_flag_names(const char *str, int all)
 746 {
 747         const char *p    = str;
 748         uint64_t   flags = 0;
 749
 750         while (1) {
 751                 if (*p == ',' || *p == '=' || *p == '\0') {
 752                         if ((*str != '~') || (*str == '~' && all && *++str))
 753                                 flags |= parse_flag_name(str, p - str);
 754                         if (*p != ',')
 755                                 break;
 756                         str = p + 1;
 757                 }
 758                 p++;
 759         }
 760
 761         return flags;
 762 }
 763
 764 static void parse_bits_mask(const char *optarg)
 765 {
 766         uint64_t mask;
 767         uint64_t bits;
 768         const char *p;
 769
 770         p = strchr(optarg, '=');
 771         if (p == optarg) {
 772                 mask = KPF_ALL_BITS;
 773                 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
 774         } else if (p) {
 775                 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
 776                 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
 777         } else if (strchr(optarg, '~')) {
 778                 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 1);
 779                 bits = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
 780         } else {
 781                 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
 782                 bits = KPF_ALL_BITS;
 783         }
 784
 785         add_bits_filter(mask, bits);
 786 }
 787
 788
 789 static struct option opts[] = {
 790         { "raw"       , 0, NULL, 'r' },
 791         { "pid"       , 1, NULL, 'p' },
 792         { "file"      , 1, NULL, 'f' },
 793         { "addr"      , 1, NULL, 'a' },
 794         { "bits"      , 1, NULL, 'b' },
 795         { "list"      , 0, NULL, 'l' },
 796         { "list-each" , 0, NULL, 'L' },
 797         { "no-summary", 0, NULL, 'N' },
 798         { "help"      , 0, NULL, 'h' },
 799         { NULL        , 0, NULL, 0 }
 800 };
 801
 802 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 803 {
 804         int c;
 805
 806         page_size = getpagesize();
 807
 808         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
 809                                 "rp:f:a:b:lLNh", opts, NULL)) != -1) {
 810                 switch (c) {
 811                 case 'r':
 812                         opt_raw = 1;
 813                         break;
 814                 case 'p':
 815                         parse_pid(optarg);
 816                         break;
 817                 case 'f':
 818                         parse_file(optarg);
 819                         break;
 820                 case 'a':
 821                         parse_addr_range(optarg);
 822                         break;
 823                 case 'b':
 824                         parse_bits_mask(optarg);
 825                         break;
 826                 case 'l':
 827                         opt_list = 1;
 828                         break;
 829                 case 'L':
 830                         opt_list = 2;
 831                         break;
 832                 case 'N':
 833                         opt_no_summary = 1;
 834                         break;
 835                 case 'h':
 836                         usage();
 837                         exit(0);
 838                 default:
 839                         usage();
 840                         exit(1);
 841                 }
 842         }
 843
 844         if (opt_list && opt_pid)
 845                 printf("voffset\t");
 846         if (opt_list == 1)
 847                 printf("offset\tlen\tflags\n");
 848         if (opt_list == 2)
 849                 printf("offset\tflags\n");
 850
 851         walk_addr_ranges();
 852
 853         if (opt_list == 1)
 854                 show_page_range(0, 0);  /* drain the buffer */
 855
 856         if (opt_no_summary)
 857                 return 0;
 858
 859         if (opt_list)
 860                 printf("\n\n");
 861
 862         show_summary();
 863
 864         return 0;
 865 }