MIPS: Tracing: Add dynamic function tracer support

With dynamic function tracer, by default, _mcount is defined as an
"empty" function, it returns directly without any more action . When
enabling it in user-space, it will jump to a real tracing
function(ftrace_caller), and do the real job for us.

Differ from the static function tracer, dynamic function tracer provides
two functions ftrace_make_call()/ftrace_make_nop() to enable/disable the
tracing of some indicated kernel functions(set_ftrace_filter).

In the -v4 version, the implementation of this support is basically the same as
X86 version does: _mcount is implemented as an empty function and ftrace_caller
is implemented as a real tracing function respectively.

But in this version, to support module tracing with the help of
-mlong-calls in arch/mips/Makefile:

MODFLAGS += -mlong-calls.

The stuff becomes a little more complex. We need to cope with two
different type of calling to _mcount.

For the kernel part, the calling to _mcount(result of "objdump -hdr
vmlinux"). is like this:

	108:   03e0082d        move    at,ra
	10c:   0c000000        jal     0 <fpcsr_pending>
                        10c: R_MIPS_26  _mcount
                        10c: R_MIPS_NONE        *ABS*
                        10c: R_MIPS_NONE        *ABS*
	110:   00020021        nop

For the module with -mlong-calls, it looks like this:

	c:	3c030000 	lui	v1,0x0
			c: R_MIPS_HI16	_mcount
			c: R_MIPS_NONE	*ABS*
			c: R_MIPS_NONE	*ABS*
	10:	64630000 	daddiu	v1,v1,0
			10: R_MIPS_LO16	_mcount
			10: R_MIPS_NONE	*ABS*
			10: R_MIPS_NONE	*ABS*
	14:	03e0082d 	move	at,ra
	18:	0060f809 	jalr	v1

In the kernel version, there is only one "_mcount" string for every
kernel function, so, we just need to match this one in mcount_regex of
scripts/recordmcount.pl, but in the module version, we need to choose
one of the two to match. Herein, I choose the first one with
"R_MIPS_HI16 _mcount".

and In the kernel verion, without module tracing support, we just need
to replace "jal _mcount" by "jal ftrace_caller" to do real tracing, and
filter the tracing of some kernel functions via replacing it by a nop
instruction.

but as we have described before, the instruction "jal ftrace_caller" only left
32bit length for the address of ftrace_caller, it will fail when calling from
the module space. so, herein, we must replace something else.

the basic idea is loading the address of ftrace_caller to v1 via changing these
two instructions:

	lui	v1,0x0
	addiu	v1,v1,0

If we want to enable the tracing, we need to replace the above instructions to:

	lui	v1, HI_16BIT_ftrace_caller
	addiu	v1, v1, LOW_16BIT_ftrace_caller

If we want to stop the tracing of the indicated kernel functions, we
just need to replace the "jalr v1" to a nop instruction. but we need to
replace two instructions and encode the above two instructions
oursevles.

Is there a simpler solution? Yes! Here it is, in this version, we put _mcount
and ftrace_caller together, which means the address of _mcount and
ftrace_caller is the same:

_mcount:
ftrace_caller:
	j	ftrace_stub
	 nop

	...(do real tracing here)...

ftrace_stub:
	jr	ra
	 move	ra, at

By default, the kernel functions call _mcount, and then jump to ftrace_stub and
return. and when we want to do real tracing, we just need to remove that "j
ftrace_stub", and it will run through the two "nop" instructions and then do
the real tracing job.

what about filtering job? we just need to do this:

	 lui v1, hi_16bit_of_mcount        <--> b 1f (0x10000004)
	 addiu v1, v1, low_16bit_of_mcount
	 move at, ra
	 jalr v1
	 nop
	 				     1f: (rec->ip + 12)

In linux-mips64, there will be some local symbols, whose name are
prefixed by $L, which need to be filtered. thanks goes to Steven for
writing the mips64-specific function_regex.

In a conclusion, with RISC, things becomes easier with such a "stupid"
trick, RISC is something like K.I.S.S, and also, there are lots of
"simple" tricks in the whole ftrace support, thanks goes to Steven and
the other folks for providing such a wonderful tracing framework!

Signed-off-by: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>
Cc: Nicholas Mc Guire <der.herr@hofr.at>
Cc: zhangfx@lemote.com
Cc: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Patchwork: http://patchwork.linux-mips.org/patch/675/
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>

diff --git a/arch/mips/Kconfig b/arch/mips/Kconfig
index d203dbf..af6940c 100644 (file)
--- a/arch/mips/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/mips/Kconfig
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ config MIPS
        select HAVE_ARCH_KGDB
        select HAVE_FUNCTION_TRACER
        select HAVE_FUNCTION_TRACE_MCOUNT_TEST
+       select HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
+       select HAVE_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD
        # Horrible source of confusion.  Die, die, die ...
        select EMBEDDED
        select RTC_LIB if !MACH_LOONGSON

diff --git a/arch/mips/include/asm/ftrace.h b/arch/mips/include/asm/ftrace.h
index 5f8ebcf..7094a40 100644 (file)
--- a/arch/mips/include/asm/ftrace.h
+++ b/arch/mips/include/asm/ftrace.h
@@ -19,6 +19,15 @@
 extern void _mcount(void);
 #define mcount _mcount
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
+static inline unsigned long ftrace_call_adjust(unsigned long addr)
+{
+       return addr;
+}
+
+struct dyn_arch_ftrace {
+};
+#endif /*  CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE */
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
 #endif /* CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER */
 #endif /* _ASM_MIPS_FTRACE_H */

diff --git a/arch/mips/kernel/Makefile b/arch/mips/kernel/Makefile
index 1340ba3..8dda214 100644 (file)
--- a/arch/mips/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/mips/kernel/Makefile
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ obj-y         += cpu-probe.o branch.o entry.o genex.o irq.o process.o \
                   time.o topology.o traps.o unaligned.o watch.o
 
 ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER
+CFLAGS_REMOVE_ftrace.o = -pg
 CFLAGS_REMOVE_early_printk.o = -pg
 endif
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SYNC_R4K)                += sync-r4k.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_STACKTRACE)       += stacktrace.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_MODULES)          += mips_ksyms.o module.o
 
-obj-$(CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER)  += mcount.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER)  += mcount.o ftrace.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON2)    += r4k_fpu.o r4k_switch.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_MIPS32)       += r4k_fpu.o r4k_switch.o

diff --git a/arch/mips/kernel/ftrace.c b/arch/mips/kernel/ftrace.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..5459a78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/mips/kernel/ftrace.c
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * Code for replacing ftrace calls with jumps.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 DSLab, Lanzhou University, China
+ * Author: Wu Zhangjin <wuzj@lemote.com>
+ *
+ * Thanks goes to Steven Rostedt for writing the original x86 version.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/ftrace.h>
+
+#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
+
+#define JAL 0x0c000000         /* jump & link: ip --> ra, jump to target */
+#define ADDR_MASK 0x03ffffff   /*  op_code|addr : 31...26|25 ....0 */
+#define jump_insn_encode(op_code, addr) \
+       ((unsigned int)((op_code) | (((addr) >> 2) & ADDR_MASK)))
+
+static unsigned int ftrace_nop = 0x00000000;
+
+static int ftrace_modify_code(unsigned long ip, unsigned int new_code)
+{
+       *(unsigned int *)ip = new_code;
+
+       flush_icache_range(ip, ip + 8);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int lui_v1;
+static int jal_mcount;
+
+int ftrace_make_nop(struct module *mod,
+                   struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr)
+{
+       unsigned int new;
+       unsigned long ip = rec->ip;
+
+       /* We have compiled module with -mlong-calls, but compiled the kernel
+        * without it, we need to cope with them respectively. */
+       if (ip & 0x40000000) {
+               /* record it for ftrace_make_call */
+               if (lui_v1 == 0)
+                       lui_v1 = *(unsigned int *)ip;
+
+               /* lui v1, hi_16bit_of_mcount        --> b 1f (0x10000004)
+                * addiu v1, v1, low_16bit_of_mcount
+                * move at, ra
+                * jalr v1
+                * nop
+                *                                   1f: (ip + 12)
+                */
+               new = 0x10000004;
+       } else {
+               /* record/calculate it for ftrace_make_call */
+               if (jal_mcount == 0) {
+                       /* We can record it directly like this:
+                        *     jal_mcount = *(unsigned int *)ip;
+                        * Herein, jump over the first two nop instructions */
+                       jal_mcount = jump_insn_encode(JAL, (MCOUNT_ADDR + 8));
+               }
+
+               /* move at, ra
+                * jalr v1              --> nop
+                */
+               new = ftrace_nop;
+       }
+       return ftrace_modify_code(ip, new);
+}
+
+static int modified;   /* initialized as 0 by default */
+
+int ftrace_make_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr)
+{
+       unsigned int new;
+       unsigned long ip = rec->ip;
+
+       /* We just need to remove the "b ftrace_stub" at the fist time! */
+       if (modified == 0) {
+               modified = 1;
+               ftrace_modify_code(addr, ftrace_nop);
+       }
+       /* ip, module: 0xc0000000, kernel: 0x80000000 */
+       new = (ip & 0x40000000) ? lui_v1 : jal_mcount;
+
+       return ftrace_modify_code(ip, new);
+}
+
+#define FTRACE_CALL_IP ((unsigned long)(&ftrace_call))
+
+int ftrace_update_ftrace_func(ftrace_func_t func)
+{
+       unsigned int new;
+
+       new = jump_insn_encode(JAL, (unsigned long)func);
+
+       return ftrace_modify_code(FTRACE_CALL_IP, new);
+}
+
+int __init ftrace_dyn_arch_init(void *data)
+{
+       /* The return code is retured via data */
+       *(unsigned long *)data = 0;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+#endif                         /* CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE */

diff --git a/arch/mips/kernel/mcount.S b/arch/mips/kernel/mcount.S
index cbb45ed..ffc4259 100644 (file)
--- a/arch/mips/kernel/mcount.S
+++ b/arch/mips/kernel/mcount.S
@@ -58,6 +58,33 @@
         move ra, AT
        .endm
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
+
+NESTED(ftrace_caller, PT_SIZE, ra)
+       .globl _mcount
+_mcount:
+       b       ftrace_stub
+        nop
+       lw      t0, function_trace_stop
+       bnez    t0, ftrace_stub
+        nop
+
+       MCOUNT_SAVE_REGS
+
+       move    a0, ra          /* arg1: next ip, selfaddr */
+       .globl ftrace_call
+ftrace_call:
+       nop     /* a placeholder for the call to a real tracing function */
+        move   a1, AT          /* arg2: the caller's next ip, parent */
+
+       MCOUNT_RESTORE_REGS
+       .globl ftrace_stub
+ftrace_stub:
+       RETURN_BACK
+       END(ftrace_caller)
+
+#else  /* ! CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE */
+
 NESTED(_mcount, PT_SIZE, ra)
        lw      t0, function_trace_stop
        bnez    t0, ftrace_stub
@@ -82,5 +109,7 @@ ftrace_stub:
        RETURN_BACK
        END(_mcount)
 
+#endif /* ! CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE */
+
        .set at
        .set reorder

diff --git a/scripts/recordmcount.pl b/scripts/recordmcount.pl
index ab368e8..92f09fe 100755 (executable)
--- a/scripts/recordmcount.pl
+++ b/scripts/recordmcount.pl
@@ -295,6 +295,58 @@ if ($arch eq "x86_64") {
     $ld .= " -m elf64_sparc";
     $cc .= " -m64";
     $objcopy .= " -O elf64-sparc";
+} elsif ($arch eq "mips") {
+    # To enable module support, we need to enable the -mlong-calls option
+    # of gcc for module, after using this option, we can not get the real
+    # offset of the calling to _mcount, but the offset of the lui
+    # instruction or the addiu one. herein, we record the address of the
+    # first one, and then we can replace this instruction by a branch
+    # instruction to jump over the profiling function to filter the
+    # indicated functions, or swith back to the lui instruction to trace
+    # them, which means dynamic tracing.
+    #
+    #       c: 3c030000        lui     v1,0x0
+    #                  c: R_MIPS_HI16  _mcount
+    #                  c: R_MIPS_NONE  *ABS*
+    #                  c: R_MIPS_NONE  *ABS*
+    #      10: 64630000        daddiu  v1,v1,0
+    #                  10: R_MIPS_LO16 _mcount
+    #                  10: R_MIPS_NONE *ABS*
+    #                  10: R_MIPS_NONE *ABS*
+    #      14: 03e0082d        move    at,ra
+    #      18: 0060f809        jalr    v1
+    #
+    # for the kernel:
+    #
+    #     10:   03e0082d        move    at,ra
+    #    14:   0c000000        jal     0 <loongson_halt>
+    #                    14: R_MIPS_26   _mcount
+    #                    14: R_MIPS_NONE *ABS*
+    #                    14: R_MIPS_NONE *ABS*
+    #   18:   00020021        nop
+    if ($is_module eq "0") {
+           $mcount_regex = "^\\s*([0-9a-fA-F]+):.*\\s_mcount\$";
+    } else {
+           $mcount_regex = "^\\s*([0-9a-fA-F]+): R_MIPS_HI16\\s+_mcount\$";
+    }
+    $objdump .= " -Melf-trad".$endian."mips ";
+
+    if ($endian eq "big") {
+           $endian = " -EB ";
+           $ld .= " -melf".$bits."btsmip";
+    } else {
+           $endian = " -EL ";
+           $ld .= " -melf".$bits."ltsmip";
+    }
+
+    $cc .= " -mno-abicalls -fno-pic -mabi=" . $bits . $endian;
+    $ld .= $endian;
+
+    if ($bits == 64) {
+           $function_regex =
+               "^([0-9a-fA-F]+)\\s+<(.|[^\$]L.*?|\$[^L].*?|[^\$][^L].*?)>:";
+           $type = ".dword";
+    }
 } elsif ($arch eq "microblaze") {
     # Microblaze calls '_mcount' instead of plain 'mcount'.
     $mcount_regex = "^\\s*([0-9a-fA-F]+):.*\\s_mcount\$";