Linux-2.6.12-rc2

[safe/jmp/linux-2.6] / arch / i386 / mm / fault.c

/*
 *  linux/arch/i386/mm/fault.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1995  Linus Torvalds
 */

#include <linux/signal.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/smp_lock.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vt_kern.h>              /* For unblank_screen() */
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/module.h>

#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/desc.h>
#include <asm/kdebug.h>

extern void die(const char *,struct pt_regs *,long);

/*
 * Unlock any spinlocks which will prevent us from getting the
 * message out 
 */
void bust_spinlocks(int yes)
{
        int loglevel_save = console_loglevel;

        if (yes) {
                oops_in_progress = 1;
                return;
        }
#ifdef CONFIG_VT
        unblank_screen();
#endif
        oops_in_progress = 0;
        /*
         * OK, the message is on the console.  Now we call printk()
         * without oops_in_progress set so that printk will give klogd
         * a poke.  Hold onto your hats...
         */
        console_loglevel = 15;          /* NMI oopser may have shut the console up */
        printk(" ");
        console_loglevel = loglevel_save;
}

/*
 * Return EIP plus the CS segment base.  The segment limit is also
 * adjusted, clamped to the kernel/user address space (whichever is
 * appropriate), and returned in *eip_limit.
 *
 * The segment is checked, because it might have been changed by another
 * task between the original faulting instruction and here.
 *
 * If CS is no longer a valid code segment, or if EIP is beyond the
 * limit, or if it is a kernel address when CS is not a kernel segment,
 * then the returned value will be greater than *eip_limit.
 * 
 * This is slow, but is very rarely executed.
 */
static inline unsigned long get_segment_eip(struct pt_regs *regs,
                                            unsigned long *eip_limit)
{
        unsigned long eip = regs->eip;
        unsigned seg = regs->xcs & 0xffff;
        u32 seg_ar, seg_limit, base, *desc;

        /* The standard kernel/user address space limit. */
        *eip_limit = (seg & 3) ? USER_DS.seg : KERNEL_DS.seg;

        /* Unlikely, but must come before segment checks. */
        if (unlikely((regs->eflags & VM_MASK) != 0))
                return eip + (seg << 4);
        
        /* By far the most common cases. */
        if (likely(seg == __USER_CS || seg == __KERNEL_CS))
                return eip;

        /* Check the segment exists, is within the current LDT/GDT size,
           that kernel/user (ring 0..3) has the appropriate privilege,
           that it's a code segment, and get the limit. */
        __asm__ ("larl %3,%0; lsll %3,%1"
                 : "=&r" (seg_ar), "=r" (seg_limit) : "0" (0), "rm" (seg));
        if ((~seg_ar & 0x9800) || eip > seg_limit) {
                *eip_limit = 0;
                return 1;        /* So that returned eip > *eip_limit. */
        }

        /* Get the GDT/LDT descriptor base. 
           When you look for races in this code remember that
           LDT and other horrors are only used in user space. */
        if (seg & (1<<2)) {
                /* Must lock the LDT while reading it. */
                down(&current->mm->context.sem);
                desc = current->mm->context.ldt;
                desc = (void *)desc + (seg & ~7);
        } else {
                /* Must disable preemption while reading the GDT. */
                desc = (u32 *)&per_cpu(cpu_gdt_table, get_cpu());
                desc = (void *)desc + (seg & ~7);
        }

        /* Decode the code segment base from the descriptor */
        base = get_desc_base((unsigned long *)desc);

        if (seg & (1<<2)) { 
                up(&current->mm->context.sem);
        } else
                put_cpu();

        /* Adjust EIP and segment limit, and clamp at the kernel limit.
           It's legitimate for segments to wrap at 0xffffffff. */
        seg_limit += base;
        if (seg_limit < *eip_limit && seg_limit >= base)
                *eip_limit = seg_limit;
        return eip + base;
}

/* 
 * Sometimes AMD Athlon/Opteron CPUs report invalid exceptions on prefetch.
 * Check that here and ignore it.
 */
static int __is_prefetch(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long addr)
{ 
        unsigned long limit;
        unsigned long instr = get_segment_eip (regs, &limit);
        int scan_more = 1;
        int prefetch = 0; 
        int i;

        for (i = 0; scan_more && i < 15; i++) { 
                unsigned char opcode;
                unsigned char instr_hi;
                unsigned char instr_lo;

                if (instr > limit)
                        break;
                if (__get_user(opcode, (unsigned char *) instr))
                        break; 

                instr_hi = opcode & 0xf0; 
                instr_lo = opcode & 0x0f; 
                instr++;

                switch (instr_hi) { 
                case 0x20:
                case 0x30:
                        /* Values 0x26,0x2E,0x36,0x3E are valid x86 prefixes. */
                        scan_more = ((instr_lo & 7) == 0x6);
                        break;
                        
                case 0x60:
                        /* 0x64 thru 0x67 are valid prefixes in all modes. */
                        scan_more = (instr_lo & 0xC) == 0x4;
                        break;          
                case 0xF0:
                        /* 0xF0, 0xF2, and 0xF3 are valid prefixes */
                        scan_more = !instr_lo || (instr_lo>>1) == 1;
                        break;                  
                case 0x00:
                        /* Prefetch instruction is 0x0F0D or 0x0F18 */
                        scan_more = 0;
                        if (instr > limit)
                                break;
                        if (__get_user(opcode, (unsigned char *) instr)) 
                                break;
                        prefetch = (instr_lo == 0xF) &&
                                (opcode == 0x0D || opcode == 0x18);
                        break;                  
                default:
                        scan_more = 0;
                        break;
                } 
        }
        return prefetch;
}

static inline int is_prefetch(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long addr,
                              unsigned long error_code)
{
        if (unlikely(boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD &&
                     boot_cpu_data.x86 >= 6)) {
                /* Catch an obscure case of prefetch inside an NX page. */
                if (nx_enabled && (error_code & 16))
                        return 0;
                return __is_prefetch(regs, addr);
        }
        return 0;
} 

fastcall void do_invalid_op(struct pt_regs *, unsigned long);

/*
 * This routine handles page faults.  It determines the address,
 * and the problem, and then passes it off to one of the appropriate
 * routines.
 *
 * error_code:
 *      bit 0 == 0 means no page found, 1 means protection fault
 *      bit 1 == 0 means read, 1 means write
 *      bit 2 == 0 means kernel, 1 means user-mode
 */
fastcall void do_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code)
{
        struct task_struct *tsk;
        struct mm_struct *mm;
        struct vm_area_struct * vma;
        unsigned long address;
        unsigned long page;
        int write;
        siginfo_t info;

        /* get the address */
        __asm__("movl %%cr2,%0":"=r" (address));

        if (notify_die(DIE_PAGE_FAULT, "page fault", regs, error_code, 14,
                                        SIGSEGV) == NOTIFY_STOP)
                return;
        /* It's safe to allow irq's after cr2 has been saved */
        if (regs->eflags & (X86_EFLAGS_IF|VM_MASK))
                local_irq_enable();

        tsk = current;

        info.si_code = SEGV_MAPERR;

        /*
         * We fault-in kernel-space virtual memory on-demand. The
         * 'reference' page table is init_mm.pgd.
         *
         * NOTE! We MUST NOT take any locks for this case. We may
         * be in an interrupt or a critical region, and should
         * only copy the information from the master page table,
         * nothing more.
         *
         * This verifies that the fault happens in kernel space
         * (error_code & 4) == 0, and that the fault was not a
         * protection error (error_code & 1) == 0.
         */
        if (unlikely(address >= TASK_SIZE)) { 
                if (!(error_code & 5))
                        goto vmalloc_fault;
                /* 
                 * Don't take the mm semaphore here. If we fixup a prefetch
                 * fault we could otherwise deadlock.
                 */
                goto bad_area_nosemaphore;
        } 

        mm = tsk->mm;

        /*
         * If we're in an interrupt, have no user context or are running in an
         * atomic region then we must not take the fault..
         */
        if (in_atomic() || !mm)
                goto bad_area_nosemaphore;

        /* When running in the kernel we expect faults to occur only to
         * addresses in user space.  All other faults represent errors in the
         * kernel and should generate an OOPS.  Unfortunatly, in the case of an
         * erroneous fault occuring in a code path which already holds mmap_sem
         * we will deadlock attempting to validate the fault against the
         * address space.  Luckily the kernel only validly references user
         * space from well defined areas of code, which are listed in the
         * exceptions table.
         *
         * As the vast majority of faults will be valid we will only perform
         * the source reference check when there is a possibilty of a deadlock.
         * Attempt to lock the address space, if we cannot we then validate the
         * source.  If this is invalid we can skip the address space check,
         * thus avoiding the deadlock.
         */
        if (!down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)) {
                if ((error_code & 4) == 0 &&
                    !search_exception_tables(regs->eip))
                        goto bad_area_nosemaphore;
                down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
        }

        vma = find_vma(mm, address);
        if (!vma)
                goto bad_area;
        if (vma->vm_start <= address)
                goto good_area;
        if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN))
                goto bad_area;
        if (error_code & 4) {
                /*
                 * accessing the stack below %esp is always a bug.
                 * The "+ 32" is there due to some instructions (like
                 * pusha) doing post-decrement on the stack and that
                 * doesn't show up until later..
                 */
                if (address + 32 < regs->esp)
                        goto bad_area;
        }
        if (expand_stack(vma, address))
                goto bad_area;
/*
 * Ok, we have a good vm_area for this memory access, so
 * we can handle it..
 */
good_area:
        info.si_code = SEGV_ACCERR;
        write = 0;
        switch (error_code & 3) {
                default:        /* 3: write, present */
#ifdef TEST_VERIFY_AREA
                        if (regs->cs == KERNEL_CS)
                                printk("WP fault at %08lx\n", regs->eip);
#endif
                        /* fall through */
                case 2:         /* write, not present */
                        if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE))
                                goto bad_area;
                        write++;
                        break;
                case 1:         /* read, present */
                        goto bad_area;
                case 0:         /* read, not present */
                        if (!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_READ | VM_EXEC)))
                                goto bad_area;
        }

 survive:
        /*
         * If for any reason at all we couldn't handle the fault,
         * make sure we exit gracefully rather than endlessly redo
         * the fault.
         */
        switch (handle_mm_fault(mm, vma, address, write)) {
                case VM_FAULT_MINOR:
                        tsk->min_flt++;
                        break;
                case VM_FAULT_MAJOR:
                        tsk->maj_flt++;
                        break;
                case VM_FAULT_SIGBUS:
                        goto do_sigbus;
                case VM_FAULT_OOM:
                        goto out_of_memory;
                default:
                        BUG();
        }

        /*
         * Did it hit the DOS screen memory VA from vm86 mode?
         */
        if (regs->eflags & VM_MASK) {
                unsigned long bit = (address - 0xA0000) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                if (bit < 32)
                        tsk->thread.screen_bitmap |= 1 << bit;
        }
        up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
        return;

/*
 * Something tried to access memory that isn't in our memory map..
 * Fix it, but check if it's kernel or user first..
 */
bad_area:
        up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);

bad_area_nosemaphore:
        /* User mode accesses just cause a SIGSEGV */
        if (error_code & 4) {
                /* 
                 * Valid to do another page fault here because this one came 
                 * from user space.
                 */
                if (is_prefetch(regs, address, error_code))
                        return;

                tsk->thread.cr2 = address;
                /* Kernel addresses are always protection faults */
                tsk->thread.error_code = error_code | (address >= TASK_SIZE);
                tsk->thread.trap_no = 14;
                info.si_signo = SIGSEGV;
                info.si_errno = 0;
                /* info.si_code has been set above */
                info.si_addr = (void __user *)address;
                force_sig_info(SIGSEGV, &info, tsk);
                return;
        }

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_F00F_BUG
        /*
         * Pentium F0 0F C7 C8 bug workaround.
         */
        if (boot_cpu_data.f00f_bug) {
                unsigned long nr;
                
                nr = (address - idt_descr.address) >> 3;

                if (nr == 6) {
                        do_invalid_op(regs, 0);
                        return;
                }
        }
#endif

no_context:
        /* Are we prepared to handle this kernel fault?  */
        if (fixup_exception(regs))
                return;

        /* 
         * Valid to do another page fault here, because if this fault
         * had been triggered by is_prefetch fixup_exception would have 
         * handled it.
         */
        if (is_prefetch(regs, address, error_code))
                return;

/*
 * Oops. The kernel tried to access some bad page. We'll have to
 * terminate things with extreme prejudice.
 */

        bust_spinlocks(1);

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
        if (error_code & 16) {
                pte_t *pte = lookup_address(address);

                if (pte && pte_present(*pte) && !pte_exec_kernel(*pte))
                        printk(KERN_CRIT "kernel tried to execute NX-protected page - exploit attempt? (uid: %d)\n", current->uid);
        }
#endif
        if (address < PAGE_SIZE)
                printk(KERN_ALERT "Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference");
        else
                printk(KERN_ALERT "Unable to handle kernel paging request");
        printk(" at virtual address %08lx\n",address);
        printk(KERN_ALERT " printing eip:\n");
        printk("%08lx\n", regs->eip);
        asm("movl %%cr3,%0":"=r" (page));
        page = ((unsigned long *) __va(page))[address >> 22];
        printk(KERN_ALERT "*pde = %08lx\n", page);
        /*
         * We must not directly access the pte in the highpte
         * case, the page table might be allocated in highmem.
         * And lets rather not kmap-atomic the pte, just in case
         * it's allocated already.
         */
#ifndef CONFIG_HIGHPTE
        if (page & 1) {
                page &= PAGE_MASK;
                address &= 0x003ff000;
                page = ((unsigned long *) __va(page))[address >> PAGE_SHIFT];
                printk(KERN_ALERT "*pte = %08lx\n", page);
        }
#endif
        die("Oops", regs, error_code);
        bust_spinlocks(0);
        do_exit(SIGKILL);

/*
 * We ran out of memory, or some other thing happened to us that made
 * us unable to handle the page fault gracefully.
 */
out_of_memory:
        up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
        if (tsk->pid == 1) {
                yield();
                down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
                goto survive;
        }
        printk("VM: killing process %s\n", tsk->comm);
        if (error_code & 4)
                do_exit(SIGKILL);
        goto no_context;

do_sigbus:
        up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);

        /* Kernel mode? Handle exceptions or die */
        if (!(error_code & 4))
                goto no_context;

        /* User space => ok to do another page fault */
        if (is_prefetch(regs, address, error_code))
                return;

        tsk->thread.cr2 = address;
        tsk->thread.error_code = error_code;
        tsk->thread.trap_no = 14;
        info.si_signo = SIGBUS;
        info.si_errno = 0;
        info.si_code = BUS_ADRERR;
        info.si_addr = (void __user *)address;
        force_sig_info(SIGBUS, &info, tsk);
        return;

vmalloc_fault:
        {
                /*
                 * Synchronize this task's top level page-table
                 * with the 'reference' page table.
                 *
                 * Do _not_ use "tsk" here. We might be inside
                 * an interrupt in the middle of a task switch..
                 */
                int index = pgd_index(address);
                unsigned long pgd_paddr;
                pgd_t *pgd, *pgd_k;
                pud_t *pud, *pud_k;
                pmd_t *pmd, *pmd_k;
                pte_t *pte_k;

                asm("movl %%cr3,%0":"=r" (pgd_paddr));
                pgd = index + (pgd_t *)__va(pgd_paddr);
                pgd_k = init_mm.pgd + index;

                if (!pgd_present(*pgd_k))
                        goto no_context;

                /*
                 * set_pgd(pgd, *pgd_k); here would be useless on PAE
                 * and redundant with the set_pmd() on non-PAE. As would
                 * set_pud.
                 */

                pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
                pud_k = pud_offset(pgd_k, address);
                if (!pud_present(*pud_k))
                        goto no_context;
                
                pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
                pmd_k = pmd_offset(pud_k, address);
                if (!pmd_present(*pmd_k))
                        goto no_context;
                set_pmd(pmd, *pmd_k);

                pte_k = pte_offset_kernel(pmd_k, address);
                if (!pte_present(*pte_k))
                        goto no_context;
                return;
        }
}