ext4: Fix sparse warnings.
[safe/jmp/linux-2.6] / fs / ext4 / extents.c
index b9ce241..754c0d3 100644 (file)
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <linux/time.h>
 #include <linux/ext4_jbd2.h>
-#include <linux/jbd.h>
+#include <linux/jbd2.h>
 #include <linux/highuid.h>
 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
 #include <linux/quotaops.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/falloc.h>
 #include <linux/ext4_fs_extents.h>
 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ static ext4_fsblk_t ext_pblock(struct ext4_extent *ex)
 {
        ext4_fsblk_t block;
 
-       block = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_start);
+       block = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_start_lo);
        block |= ((ext4_fsblk_t) le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_start_hi) << 31) << 1;
        return block;
 }
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ static ext4_fsblk_t idx_pblock(struct ext4_extent_idx *ix)
 {
        ext4_fsblk_t block;
 
-       block = le32_to_cpu(ix->ei_leaf);
+       block = le32_to_cpu(ix->ei_leaf_lo);
        block |= ((ext4_fsblk_t) le16_to_cpu(ix->ei_leaf_hi) << 31) << 1;
        return block;
 }
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ static ext4_fsblk_t idx_pblock(struct ext4_extent_idx *ix)
  */
 static void ext4_ext_store_pblock(struct ext4_extent *ex, ext4_fsblk_t pb)
 {
-       ex->ee_start = cpu_to_le32((unsigned long) (pb & 0xffffffff));
+       ex->ee_start_lo = cpu_to_le32((unsigned long) (pb & 0xffffffff));
        ex->ee_start_hi = cpu_to_le16((unsigned long) ((pb >> 31) >> 1) & 0xffff);
 }
 
@@ -87,40 +88,10 @@ static void ext4_ext_store_pblock(struct ext4_extent *ex, ext4_fsblk_t pb)
  */
 static void ext4_idx_store_pblock(struct ext4_extent_idx *ix, ext4_fsblk_t pb)
 {
-       ix->ei_leaf = cpu_to_le32((unsigned long) (pb & 0xffffffff));
+       ix->ei_leaf_lo = cpu_to_le32((unsigned long) (pb & 0xffffffff));
        ix->ei_leaf_hi = cpu_to_le16((unsigned long) ((pb >> 31) >> 1) & 0xffff);
 }
 
-static int ext4_ext_check_header(const char *function, struct inode *inode,
-                               struct ext4_extent_header *eh)
-{
-       const char *error_msg = NULL;
-
-       if (unlikely(eh->eh_magic != EXT4_EXT_MAGIC)) {
-               error_msg = "invalid magic";
-               goto corrupted;
-       }
-       if (unlikely(eh->eh_max == 0)) {
-               error_msg = "invalid eh_max";
-               goto corrupted;
-       }
-       if (unlikely(le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries) > le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_max))) {
-               error_msg = "invalid eh_entries";
-               goto corrupted;
-       }
-       return 0;
-
-corrupted:
-       ext4_error(inode->i_sb, function,
-                       "bad header in inode #%lu: %s - magic %x, "
-                       "entries %u, max %u, depth %u",
-                       inode->i_ino, error_msg, le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_magic),
-                       le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries), le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_max),
-                       le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_depth));
-
-       return -EIO;
-}
-
 static handle_t *ext4_ext_journal_restart(handle_t *handle, int needed)
 {
        int err;
@@ -173,7 +144,7 @@ static int ext4_ext_dirty(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
 
 static ext4_fsblk_t ext4_ext_find_goal(struct inode *inode,
                              struct ext4_ext_path *path,
-                             ext4_fsblk_t block)
+                             ext4_lblk_t block)
 {
        struct ext4_inode_info *ei = EXT4_I(inode);
        ext4_fsblk_t bg_start;
@@ -269,6 +240,70 @@ static int ext4_ext_space_root_idx(struct inode *inode)
        return size;
 }
 
+static int
+ext4_ext_max_entries(struct inode *inode, int depth)
+{
+       int max;
+
+       if (depth == ext_depth(inode)) {
+               if (depth == 0)
+                       max = ext4_ext_space_root(inode);
+               else
+                       max = ext4_ext_space_root_idx(inode);
+       } else {
+               if (depth == 0)
+                       max = ext4_ext_space_block(inode);
+               else
+                       max = ext4_ext_space_block_idx(inode);
+       }
+
+       return max;
+}
+
+static int __ext4_ext_check_header(const char *function, struct inode *inode,
+                                       struct ext4_extent_header *eh,
+                                       int depth)
+{
+       const char *error_msg;
+       int max = 0;
+
+       if (unlikely(eh->eh_magic != EXT4_EXT_MAGIC)) {
+               error_msg = "invalid magic";
+               goto corrupted;
+       }
+       if (unlikely(le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_depth) != depth)) {
+               error_msg = "unexpected eh_depth";
+               goto corrupted;
+       }
+       if (unlikely(eh->eh_max == 0)) {
+               error_msg = "invalid eh_max";
+               goto corrupted;
+       }
+       max = ext4_ext_max_entries(inode, depth);
+       if (unlikely(le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_max) > max)) {
+               error_msg = "too large eh_max";
+               goto corrupted;
+       }
+       if (unlikely(le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries) > le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_max))) {
+               error_msg = "invalid eh_entries";
+               goto corrupted;
+       }
+       return 0;
+
+corrupted:
+       ext4_error(inode->i_sb, function,
+                       "bad header in inode #%lu: %s - magic %x, "
+                       "entries %u, max %u(%u), depth %u(%u)",
+                       inode->i_ino, error_msg, le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_magic),
+                       le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries), le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_max),
+                       max, le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_depth), depth);
+
+       return -EIO;
+}
+
+#define ext4_ext_check_header(inode, eh, depth)        \
+       __ext4_ext_check_header(__FUNCTION__, inode, eh, depth)
+
 #ifdef EXT_DEBUG
 static void ext4_ext_show_path(struct inode *inode, struct ext4_ext_path *path)
 {
@@ -282,7 +317,7 @@ static void ext4_ext_show_path(struct inode *inode, struct ext4_ext_path *path)
                } else if (path->p_ext) {
                        ext_debug("  %d:%d:%llu ",
                                  le32_to_cpu(path->p_ext->ee_block),
-                                 le16_to_cpu(path->p_ext->ee_len),
+                                 ext4_ext_get_actual_len(path->p_ext),
                                  ext_pblock(path->p_ext));
                } else
                        ext_debug("  []");
@@ -305,7 +340,7 @@ static void ext4_ext_show_leaf(struct inode *inode, struct ext4_ext_path *path)
 
        for (i = 0; i < le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries); i++, ex++) {
                ext_debug("%d:%d:%llu ", le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block),
-                         le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len), ext_pblock(ex));
+                         ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex), ext_pblock(ex));
        }
        ext_debug("\n");
 }
@@ -329,34 +364,34 @@ static void ext4_ext_drop_refs(struct ext4_ext_path *path)
 /*
  * ext4_ext_binsearch_idx:
  * binary search for the closest index of the given block
+ * the header must be checked before calling this
  */
 static void
-ext4_ext_binsearch_idx(struct inode *inode, struct ext4_ext_path *path, int block)
+ext4_ext_binsearch_idx(struct inode *inode,
+                       struct ext4_ext_path *path, ext4_lblk_t block)
 {
        struct ext4_extent_header *eh = path->p_hdr;
        struct ext4_extent_idx *r, *l, *m;
 
-       BUG_ON(eh->eh_magic != EXT4_EXT_MAGIC);
-       BUG_ON(le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries) > le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_max));
-       BUG_ON(le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries) <= 0);
 
-       ext_debug("binsearch for %d(idx):  ", block);
+       ext_debug("binsearch for %u(idx):  ", block);
 
        l = EXT_FIRST_INDEX(eh) + 1;
-       r = EXT_FIRST_INDEX(eh) + le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries) - 1;
+       r = EXT_LAST_INDEX(eh);
        while (l <= r) {
                m = l + (r - l) / 2;
                if (block < le32_to_cpu(m->ei_block))
                        r = m - 1;
                else
                        l = m + 1;
-               ext_debug("%p(%u):%p(%u):%p(%u) ", l, l->ei_block,
-                               m, m->ei_block, r, r->ei_block);
+               ext_debug("%p(%u):%p(%u):%p(%u) ", l, le32_to_cpu(l->ei_block),
+                               m, le32_to_cpu(m->ei_block),
+                               r, le32_to_cpu(r->ei_block));
        }
 
        path->p_idx = l - 1;
        ext_debug("  -> %d->%lld ", le32_to_cpu(path->p_idx->ei_block),
-                 idx_block(path->p_idx));
+                 idx_pblock(path->p_idx));
 
 #ifdef CHECK_BINSEARCH
        {
@@ -388,16 +423,15 @@ ext4_ext_binsearch_idx(struct inode *inode, struct ext4_ext_path *path, int bloc
 /*
  * ext4_ext_binsearch:
  * binary search for closest extent of the given block
+ * the header must be checked before calling this
  */
 static void
-ext4_ext_binsearch(struct inode *inode, struct ext4_ext_path *path, int block)
+ext4_ext_binsearch(struct inode *inode,
+               struct ext4_ext_path *path, ext4_lblk_t block)
 {
        struct ext4_extent_header *eh = path->p_hdr;
        struct ext4_extent *r, *l, *m;
 
-       BUG_ON(eh->eh_magic != EXT4_EXT_MAGIC);
-       BUG_ON(le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries) > le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_max));
-
        if (eh->eh_entries == 0) {
                /*
                 * this leaf is empty:
@@ -406,10 +440,10 @@ ext4_ext_binsearch(struct inode *inode, struct ext4_ext_path *path, int block)
                return;
        }
 
-       ext_debug("binsearch for %d:  ", block);
+       ext_debug("binsearch for %u:  ", block);
 
        l = EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(eh) + 1;
-       r = EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(eh) + le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries) - 1;
+       r = EXT_LAST_EXTENT(eh);
 
        while (l <= r) {
                m = l + (r - l) / 2;
@@ -417,15 +451,16 @@ ext4_ext_binsearch(struct inode *inode, struct ext4_ext_path *path, int block)
                        r = m - 1;
                else
                        l = m + 1;
-               ext_debug("%p(%u):%p(%u):%p(%u) ", l, l->ee_block,
-                               m, m->ee_block, r, r->ee_block);
+               ext_debug("%p(%u):%p(%u):%p(%u) ", l, le32_to_cpu(l->ee_block),
+                               m, le32_to_cpu(m->ee_block),
+                               r, le32_to_cpu(r->ee_block));
        }
 
        path->p_ext = l - 1;
        ext_debug("  -> %d:%llu:%d ",
                        le32_to_cpu(path->p_ext->ee_block),
                        ext_pblock(path->p_ext),
-                       le16_to_cpu(path->p_ext->ee_len));
+                       ext4_ext_get_actual_len(path->p_ext));
 
 #ifdef CHECK_BINSEARCH
        {
@@ -461,18 +496,18 @@ int ext4_ext_tree_init(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode)
 }
 
 struct ext4_ext_path *
-ext4_ext_find_extent(struct inode *inode, int block, struct ext4_ext_path *path)
+ext4_ext_find_extent(struct inode *inode, ext4_lblk_t block,
+                                       struct ext4_ext_path *path)
 {
        struct ext4_extent_header *eh;
        struct buffer_head *bh;
        short int depth, i, ppos = 0, alloc = 0;
 
        eh = ext_inode_hdr(inode);
-       BUG_ON(eh == NULL);
-       if (ext4_ext_check_header(__FUNCTION__, inode, eh))
+       depth = ext_depth(inode);
+       if (ext4_ext_check_header(inode, eh, depth))
                return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
 
-       i = depth = ext_depth(inode);
 
        /* account possible depth increase */
        if (!path) {
@@ -484,10 +519,12 @@ ext4_ext_find_extent(struct inode *inode, int block, struct ext4_ext_path *path)
        }
        path[0].p_hdr = eh;
 
+       i = depth;
        /* walk through the tree */
        while (i) {
                ext_debug("depth %d: num %d, max %d\n",
                          ppos, le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries), le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_max));
+
                ext4_ext_binsearch_idx(inode, path + ppos, block);
                path[ppos].p_block = idx_pblock(path[ppos].p_idx);
                path[ppos].p_depth = i;
@@ -504,7 +541,7 @@ ext4_ext_find_extent(struct inode *inode, int block, struct ext4_ext_path *path)
                path[ppos].p_hdr = eh;
                i--;
 
-               if (ext4_ext_check_header(__FUNCTION__, inode, eh))
+               if (ext4_ext_check_header(inode, eh, i))
                        goto err;
        }
 
@@ -513,9 +550,6 @@ ext4_ext_find_extent(struct inode *inode, int block, struct ext4_ext_path *path)
        path[ppos].p_ext = NULL;
        path[ppos].p_idx = NULL;
 
-       if (ext4_ext_check_header(__FUNCTION__, inode, eh))
-               goto err;
-
        /* find extent */
        ext4_ext_binsearch(inode, path + ppos, block);
 
@@ -553,7 +587,7 @@ static int ext4_ext_insert_index(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
                if (curp->p_idx != EXT_LAST_INDEX(curp->p_hdr)) {
                        len = (len - 1) * sizeof(struct ext4_extent_idx);
                        len = len < 0 ? 0 : len;
-                       ext_debug("insert new index %d after: %d. "
+                       ext_debug("insert new index %d after: %llu. "
                                        "move %d from 0x%p to 0x%p\n",
                                        logical, ptr, len,
                                        (curp->p_idx + 1), (curp->p_idx + 2));
@@ -564,7 +598,7 @@ static int ext4_ext_insert_index(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
                /* insert before */
                len = len * sizeof(struct ext4_extent_idx);
                len = len < 0 ? 0 : len;
-               ext_debug("insert new index %d before: %d. "
+               ext_debug("insert new index %d before: %llu. "
                                "move %d from 0x%p to 0x%p\n",
                                logical, ptr, len,
                                curp->p_idx, (curp->p_idx + 1));
@@ -686,7 +720,7 @@ static int ext4_ext_split(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
                ext_debug("move %d:%llu:%d in new leaf %llu\n",
                                le32_to_cpu(path[depth].p_ext->ee_block),
                                ext_pblock(path[depth].p_ext),
-                               le16_to_cpu(path[depth].p_ext->ee_len),
+                               ext4_ext_get_actual_len(path[depth].p_ext),
                                newblock);
                /*memmove(ex++, path[depth].p_ext++,
                                sizeof(struct ext4_extent));
@@ -732,7 +766,7 @@ static int ext4_ext_split(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
        while (k--) {
                oldblock = newblock;
                newblock = ablocks[--a];
-               bh = sb_getblk(inode->i_sb, (ext4_fsblk_t)newblock);
+               bh = sb_getblk(inode->i_sb, newblock);
                if (!bh) {
                        err = -EIO;
                        goto cleanup;
@@ -752,9 +786,8 @@ static int ext4_ext_split(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
                fidx->ei_block = border;
                ext4_idx_store_pblock(fidx, oldblock);
 
-               ext_debug("int.index at %d (block %llu): %lu -> %llu\n", i,
-                               newblock, (unsigned long) le32_to_cpu(border),
-                               oldblock);
+               ext_debug("int.index at %d (block %llu): %u -> %llu\n",
+                               i, newblock, le32_to_cpu(border), oldblock);
                /* copy indexes */
                m = 0;
                path[i].p_idx++;
@@ -764,7 +797,7 @@ static int ext4_ext_split(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
                BUG_ON(EXT_MAX_INDEX(path[i].p_hdr) !=
                                EXT_LAST_INDEX(path[i].p_hdr));
                while (path[i].p_idx <= EXT_MAX_INDEX(path[i].p_hdr)) {
-                       ext_debug("%d: move %d:%d in new index %llu\n", i,
+                       ext_debug("%d: move %d:%llu in new index %llu\n", i,
                                        le32_to_cpu(path[i].p_idx->ei_block),
                                        idx_pblock(path[i].p_idx),
                                        newblock);
@@ -893,8 +926,13 @@ static int ext4_ext_grow_indepth(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
        curp->p_hdr->eh_max = cpu_to_le16(ext4_ext_space_root_idx(inode));
        curp->p_hdr->eh_entries = cpu_to_le16(1);
        curp->p_idx = EXT_FIRST_INDEX(curp->p_hdr);
-       /* FIXME: it works, but actually path[0] can be index */
-       curp->p_idx->ei_block = EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(path[0].p_hdr)->ee_block;
+
+       if (path[0].p_hdr->eh_depth)
+               curp->p_idx->ei_block =
+                       EXT_FIRST_INDEX(path[0].p_hdr)->ei_block;
+       else
+               curp->p_idx->ei_block =
+                       EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(path[0].p_hdr)->ee_block;
        ext4_idx_store_pblock(curp->p_idx, newblock);
 
        neh = ext_inode_hdr(inode);
@@ -943,8 +981,8 @@ repeat:
                /* refill path */
                ext4_ext_drop_refs(path);
                path = ext4_ext_find_extent(inode,
-                                           le32_to_cpu(newext->ee_block),
-                                           path);
+                                   (ext4_lblk_t)le32_to_cpu(newext->ee_block),
+                                   path);
                if (IS_ERR(path))
                        err = PTR_ERR(path);
        } else {
@@ -956,8 +994,8 @@ repeat:
                /* refill path */
                ext4_ext_drop_refs(path);
                path = ext4_ext_find_extent(inode,
-                                           le32_to_cpu(newext->ee_block),
-                                           path);
+                                  (ext4_lblk_t)le32_to_cpu(newext->ee_block),
+                                   path);
                if (IS_ERR(path)) {
                        err = PTR_ERR(path);
                        goto out;
@@ -985,7 +1023,7 @@ out:
  * allocated block. Thus, index entries have to be consistent
  * with leaves.
  */
-static unsigned long
+static ext4_lblk_t
 ext4_ext_next_allocated_block(struct ext4_ext_path *path)
 {
        int depth;
@@ -1018,7 +1056,7 @@ ext4_ext_next_allocated_block(struct ext4_ext_path *path)
  * ext4_ext_next_leaf_block:
  * returns first allocated block from next leaf or EXT_MAX_BLOCK
  */
-static unsigned ext4_ext_next_leaf_block(struct inode *inode,
+static ext4_lblk_t ext4_ext_next_leaf_block(struct inode *inode,
                                        struct ext4_ext_path *path)
 {
        int depth;
@@ -1036,7 +1074,8 @@ static unsigned ext4_ext_next_leaf_block(struct inode *inode,
        while (depth >= 0) {
                if (path[depth].p_idx !=
                                EXT_LAST_INDEX(path[depth].p_hdr))
-                 return le32_to_cpu(path[depth].p_idx[1].ei_block);
+                       return (ext4_lblk_t)
+                               le32_to_cpu(path[depth].p_idx[1].ei_block);
                depth--;
        }
 
@@ -1049,7 +1088,7 @@ static unsigned ext4_ext_next_leaf_block(struct inode *inode,
  * then we have to correct all indexes above.
  * TODO: do we need to correct tree in all cases?
  */
-int ext4_ext_correct_indexes(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
+static int ext4_ext_correct_indexes(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
                                struct ext4_ext_path *path)
 {
        struct ext4_extent_header *eh;
@@ -1106,7 +1145,24 @@ static int
 ext4_can_extents_be_merged(struct inode *inode, struct ext4_extent *ex1,
                                struct ext4_extent *ex2)
 {
-       if (le32_to_cpu(ex1->ee_block) + le16_to_cpu(ex1->ee_len) !=
+       unsigned short ext1_ee_len, ext2_ee_len, max_len;
+
+       /*
+        * Make sure that either both extents are uninitialized, or
+        * both are _not_.
+        */
+       if (ext4_ext_is_uninitialized(ex1) ^ ext4_ext_is_uninitialized(ex2))
+               return 0;
+
+       if (ext4_ext_is_uninitialized(ex1))
+               max_len = EXT_UNINIT_MAX_LEN;
+       else
+               max_len = EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN;
+
+       ext1_ee_len = ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex1);
+       ext2_ee_len = ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex2);
+
+       if (le32_to_cpu(ex1->ee_block) + ext1_ee_len !=
                        le32_to_cpu(ex2->ee_block))
                return 0;
 
@@ -1115,19 +1171,66 @@ ext4_can_extents_be_merged(struct inode *inode, struct ext4_extent *ex1,
         * as an RO_COMPAT feature, refuse to merge to extents if
         * this can result in the top bit of ee_len being set.
         */
-       if (le16_to_cpu(ex1->ee_len) + le16_to_cpu(ex2->ee_len) > EXT_MAX_LEN)
+       if (ext1_ee_len + ext2_ee_len > max_len)
                return 0;
 #ifdef AGGRESSIVE_TEST
        if (le16_to_cpu(ex1->ee_len) >= 4)
                return 0;
 #endif
 
-       if (ext_pblock(ex1) + le16_to_cpu(ex1->ee_len) == ext_pblock(ex2))
+       if (ext_pblock(ex1) + ext1_ee_len == ext_pblock(ex2))
                return 1;
        return 0;
 }
 
 /*
+ * This function tries to merge the "ex" extent to the next extent in the tree.
+ * It always tries to merge towards right. If you want to merge towards
+ * left, pass "ex - 1" as argument instead of "ex".
+ * Returns 0 if the extents (ex and ex+1) were _not_ merged and returns
+ * 1 if they got merged.
+ */
+int ext4_ext_try_to_merge(struct inode *inode,
+                         struct ext4_ext_path *path,
+                         struct ext4_extent *ex)
+{
+       struct ext4_extent_header *eh;
+       unsigned int depth, len;
+       int merge_done = 0;
+       int uninitialized = 0;
+
+       depth = ext_depth(inode);
+       BUG_ON(path[depth].p_hdr == NULL);
+       eh = path[depth].p_hdr;
+
+       while (ex < EXT_LAST_EXTENT(eh)) {
+               if (!ext4_can_extents_be_merged(inode, ex, ex + 1))
+                       break;
+               /* merge with next extent! */
+               if (ext4_ext_is_uninitialized(ex))
+                       uninitialized = 1;
+               ex->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex)
+                               + ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex + 1));
+               if (uninitialized)
+                       ext4_ext_mark_uninitialized(ex);
+
+               if (ex + 1 < EXT_LAST_EXTENT(eh)) {
+                       len = (EXT_LAST_EXTENT(eh) - ex - 1)
+                               * sizeof(struct ext4_extent);
+                       memmove(ex + 1, ex + 2, len);
+               }
+               eh->eh_entries = cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries) - 1);
+               merge_done = 1;
+               WARN_ON(eh->eh_entries == 0);
+               if (!eh->eh_entries)
+                       ext4_error(inode->i_sb, "ext4_ext_try_to_merge",
+                          "inode#%lu, eh->eh_entries = 0!", inode->i_ino);
+       }
+
+       return merge_done;
+}
+
+/*
  * check if a portion of the "newext" extent overlaps with an
  * existing extent.
  *
@@ -1139,12 +1242,12 @@ unsigned int ext4_ext_check_overlap(struct inode *inode,
                                    struct ext4_extent *newext,
                                    struct ext4_ext_path *path)
 {
-       unsigned long b1, b2;
+       ext4_lblk_t b1, b2;
        unsigned int depth, len1;
        unsigned int ret = 0;
 
        b1 = le32_to_cpu(newext->ee_block);
-       len1 = le16_to_cpu(newext->ee_len);
+       len1 = ext4_ext_get_actual_len(newext);
        depth = ext_depth(inode);
        if (!path[depth].p_ext)
                goto out;
@@ -1160,7 +1263,7 @@ unsigned int ext4_ext_check_overlap(struct inode *inode,
                        goto out;
        }
 
-       /* check for wrap through zero */
+       /* check for wrap through zero on extent logical start block*/
        if (b1 + len1 < b1) {
                len1 = EXT_MAX_BLOCK - b1;
                newext->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(len1);
@@ -1190,9 +1293,11 @@ int ext4_ext_insert_extent(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
        struct ext4_extent *ex, *fex;
        struct ext4_extent *nearex; /* nearest extent */
        struct ext4_ext_path *npath = NULL;
-       int depth, len, err, next;
+       int depth, len, err;
+       ext4_lblk_t next;
+       unsigned uninitialized = 0;
 
-       BUG_ON(newext->ee_len == 0);
+       BUG_ON(ext4_ext_get_actual_len(newext) == 0);
        depth = ext_depth(inode);
        ex = path[depth].p_ext;
        BUG_ON(path[depth].p_hdr == NULL);
@@ -1200,14 +1305,24 @@ int ext4_ext_insert_extent(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
        /* try to insert block into found extent and return */
        if (ex && ext4_can_extents_be_merged(inode, ex, newext)) {
                ext_debug("append %d block to %d:%d (from %llu)\n",
-                               le16_to_cpu(newext->ee_len),
+                               ext4_ext_get_actual_len(newext),
                                le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block),
-                               le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len), ext_pblock(ex));
+                               ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex), ext_pblock(ex));
                err = ext4_ext_get_access(handle, inode, path + depth);
                if (err)
                        return err;
-               ex->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len)
-                                        + le16_to_cpu(newext->ee_len));
+
+               /*
+                * ext4_can_extents_be_merged should have checked that either
+                * both extents are uninitialized, or both aren't. Thus we
+                * need to check only one of them here.
+                */
+               if (ext4_ext_is_uninitialized(ex))
+                       uninitialized = 1;
+               ex->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex)
+                                       + ext4_ext_get_actual_len(newext));
+               if (uninitialized)
+                       ext4_ext_mark_uninitialized(ex);
                eh = path[depth].p_hdr;
                nearex = ex;
                goto merge;
@@ -1263,7 +1378,7 @@ has_space:
                ext_debug("first extent in the leaf: %d:%llu:%d\n",
                                le32_to_cpu(newext->ee_block),
                                ext_pblock(newext),
-                               le16_to_cpu(newext->ee_len));
+                               ext4_ext_get_actual_len(newext));
                path[depth].p_ext = EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(eh);
        } else if (le32_to_cpu(newext->ee_block)
                           > le32_to_cpu(nearex->ee_block)) {
@@ -1276,7 +1391,7 @@ has_space:
                                        "move %d from 0x%p to 0x%p\n",
                                        le32_to_cpu(newext->ee_block),
                                        ext_pblock(newext),
-                                       le16_to_cpu(newext->ee_len),
+                                       ext4_ext_get_actual_len(newext),
                                        nearex, len, nearex + 1, nearex + 2);
                        memmove(nearex + 2, nearex + 1, len);
                }
@@ -1289,7 +1404,7 @@ has_space:
                                "move %d from 0x%p to 0x%p\n",
                                le32_to_cpu(newext->ee_block),
                                ext_pblock(newext),
-                               le16_to_cpu(newext->ee_len),
+                               ext4_ext_get_actual_len(newext),
                                nearex, len, nearex + 1, nearex + 2);
                memmove(nearex + 1, nearex, len);
                path[depth].p_ext = nearex;
@@ -1298,26 +1413,12 @@ has_space:
        eh->eh_entries = cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries)+1);
        nearex = path[depth].p_ext;
        nearex->ee_block = newext->ee_block;
-       nearex->ee_start = newext->ee_start;
-       nearex->ee_start_hi = newext->ee_start_hi;
+       ext4_ext_store_pblock(nearex, ext_pblock(newext));
        nearex->ee_len = newext->ee_len;
 
 merge:
        /* try to merge extents to the right */
-       while (nearex < EXT_LAST_EXTENT(eh)) {
-               if (!ext4_can_extents_be_merged(inode, nearex, nearex + 1))
-                       break;
-               /* merge with next extent! */
-               nearex->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(nearex->ee_len)
-                                            + le16_to_cpu(nearex[1].ee_len));
-               if (nearex + 1 < EXT_LAST_EXTENT(eh)) {
-                       len = (EXT_LAST_EXTENT(eh) - nearex - 1)
-                                       * sizeof(struct ext4_extent);
-                       memmove(nearex + 1, nearex + 2, len);
-               }
-               eh->eh_entries = cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries)-1);
-               BUG_ON(eh->eh_entries == 0);
-       }
+       ext4_ext_try_to_merge(inode, path, nearex);
 
        /* try to merge extents to the left */
 
@@ -1338,114 +1439,9 @@ cleanup:
        return err;
 }
 
-int ext4_ext_walk_space(struct inode *inode, unsigned long block,
-                       unsigned long num, ext_prepare_callback func,
-                       void *cbdata)
-{
-       struct ext4_ext_path *path = NULL;
-       struct ext4_ext_cache cbex;
-       struct ext4_extent *ex;
-       unsigned long next, start = 0, end = 0;
-       unsigned long last = block + num;
-       int depth, exists, err = 0;
-
-       BUG_ON(func == NULL);
-       BUG_ON(inode == NULL);
-
-       while (block < last && block != EXT_MAX_BLOCK) {
-               num = last - block;
-               /* find extent for this block */
-               path = ext4_ext_find_extent(inode, block, path);
-               if (IS_ERR(path)) {
-                       err = PTR_ERR(path);
-                       path = NULL;
-                       break;
-               }
-
-               depth = ext_depth(inode);
-               BUG_ON(path[depth].p_hdr == NULL);
-               ex = path[depth].p_ext;
-               next = ext4_ext_next_allocated_block(path);
-
-               exists = 0;
-               if (!ex) {
-                       /* there is no extent yet, so try to allocate
-                        * all requested space */
-                       start = block;
-                       end = block + num;
-               } else if (le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) > block) {
-                       /* need to allocate space before found extent */
-                       start = block;
-                       end = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block);
-                       if (block + num < end)
-                               end = block + num;
-               } else if (block >=
-                            le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len)) {
-                       /* need to allocate space after found extent */
-                       start = block;
-                       end = block + num;
-                       if (end >= next)
-                               end = next;
-               } else if (block >= le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block)) {
-                       /*
-                        * some part of requested space is covered
-                        * by found extent
-                        */
-                       start = block;
-                       end = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len);
-                       if (block + num < end)
-                               end = block + num;
-                       exists = 1;
-               } else {
-                       BUG();
-               }
-               BUG_ON(end <= start);
-
-               if (!exists) {
-                       cbex.ec_block = start;
-                       cbex.ec_len = end - start;
-                       cbex.ec_start = 0;
-                       cbex.ec_type = EXT4_EXT_CACHE_GAP;
-               } else {
-                       cbex.ec_block = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block);
-                       cbex.ec_len = le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len);
-                       cbex.ec_start = ext_pblock(ex);
-                       cbex.ec_type = EXT4_EXT_CACHE_EXTENT;
-               }
-
-               BUG_ON(cbex.ec_len == 0);
-               err = func(inode, path, &cbex, cbdata);
-               ext4_ext_drop_refs(path);
-
-               if (err < 0)
-                       break;
-               if (err == EXT_REPEAT)
-                       continue;
-               else if (err == EXT_BREAK) {
-                       err = 0;
-                       break;
-               }
-
-               if (ext_depth(inode) != depth) {
-                       /* depth was changed. we have to realloc path */
-                       kfree(path);
-                       path = NULL;
-               }
-
-               block = cbex.ec_block + cbex.ec_len;
-       }
-
-       if (path) {
-               ext4_ext_drop_refs(path);
-               kfree(path);
-       }
-
-       return err;
-}
-
 static void
-ext4_ext_put_in_cache(struct inode *inode, __u32 block,
-                       __u32 len, __u32 start, int type)
+ext4_ext_put_in_cache(struct inode *inode, ext4_lblk_t block,
+                       __u32 len, ext4_fsblk_t start, int type)
 {
        struct ext4_ext_cache *cex;
        BUG_ON(len == 0);
@@ -1463,10 +1459,11 @@ ext4_ext_put_in_cache(struct inode *inode, __u32 block,
  */
 static void
 ext4_ext_put_gap_in_cache(struct inode *inode, struct ext4_ext_path *path,
-                               unsigned long block)
+                               ext4_lblk_t block)
 {
        int depth = ext_depth(inode);
-       unsigned long lblock, len;
+       unsigned long len;
+       ext4_lblk_t lblock;
        struct ext4_extent *ex;
 
        ex = path[depth].p_ext;
@@ -1478,32 +1475,34 @@ ext4_ext_put_gap_in_cache(struct inode *inode, struct ext4_ext_path *path,
        } else if (block < le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block)) {
                lblock = block;
                len = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) - block;
-               ext_debug("cache gap(before): %lu [%lu:%lu]",
-                               (unsigned long) block,
-                               (unsigned long) le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block),
-                               (unsigned long) le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len));
+               ext_debug("cache gap(before): %u [%u:%u]",
+                               block,
+                               le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block),
+                                ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex));
        } else if (block >= le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block)
-                           + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len)) {
+                       + ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex)) {
+               ext4_lblk_t next;
                lblock = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block)
-                        + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len);
-               len = ext4_ext_next_allocated_block(path);
-               ext_debug("cache gap(after): [%lu:%lu] %lu",
-                               (unsigned long) le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block),
-                               (unsigned long) le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len),
-                               (unsigned long) block);
-               BUG_ON(len == lblock);
-               len = len - lblock;
+                       + ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex);
+
+               next = ext4_ext_next_allocated_block(path);
+               ext_debug("cache gap(after): [%u:%u] %u",
+                               le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block),
+                               ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex),
+                               block);
+               BUG_ON(next == lblock);
+               len = next - lblock;
        } else {
                lblock = len = 0;
                BUG();
        }
 
-       ext_debug(" -> %lu:%lu\n", (unsigned long) lblock, len);
+       ext_debug(" -> %u:%lu\n", lblock, len);
        ext4_ext_put_in_cache(inode, lblock, len, 0, EXT4_EXT_CACHE_GAP);
 }
 
 static int
-ext4_ext_in_cache(struct inode *inode, unsigned long block,
+ext4_ext_in_cache(struct inode *inode, ext4_lblk_t block,
                        struct ext4_extent *ex)
 {
        struct ext4_ext_cache *cex;
@@ -1520,11 +1519,9 @@ ext4_ext_in_cache(struct inode *inode, unsigned long block,
                ex->ee_block = cpu_to_le32(cex->ec_block);
                ext4_ext_store_pblock(ex, cex->ec_start);
                ex->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(cex->ec_len);
-               ext_debug("%lu cached by %lu:%lu:%llu\n",
-                               (unsigned long) block,
-                               (unsigned long) cex->ec_block,
-                               (unsigned long) cex->ec_len,
-                               cex->ec_start);
+               ext_debug("%u cached by %u:%u:%llu\n",
+                               block,
+                               cex->ec_block, cex->ec_len, cex->ec_start);
                return cex->ec_type;
        }
 
@@ -1538,7 +1535,7 @@ ext4_ext_in_cache(struct inode *inode, unsigned long block,
  * It's used in truncate case only, thus all requests are for
  * last index in the block only.
  */
-int ext4_ext_rm_idx(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
+static int ext4_ext_rm_idx(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
                        struct ext4_ext_path *path)
 {
        struct buffer_head *bh;
@@ -1616,15 +1613,15 @@ int ext4_ext_calc_credits_for_insert(struct inode *inode,
 
 static int ext4_remove_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
                                struct ext4_extent *ex,
-                               unsigned long from, unsigned long to)
+                               ext4_lblk_t from, ext4_lblk_t to)
 {
        struct buffer_head *bh;
+       unsigned short ee_len =  ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex);
        int i;
 
 #ifdef EXTENTS_STATS
        {
                struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(inode->i_sb);
-               unsigned short ee_len =  le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len);
                spin_lock(&sbi->s_ext_stats_lock);
                sbi->s_ext_blocks += ee_len;
                sbi->s_ext_extents++;
@@ -1638,54 +1635,59 @@ static int ext4_remove_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
        }
 #endif
        if (from >= le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block)
-           && to == le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len) - 1) {
+           && to == le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + ee_len - 1) {
                /* tail removal */
-               unsigned long num;
+               ext4_lblk_t num;
                ext4_fsblk_t start;
-               num = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len) - from;
-               start = ext_pblock(ex) + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len) - num;
-               ext_debug("free last %lu blocks starting %llu\n", num, start);
+
+               num = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + ee_len - from;
+               start = ext_pblock(ex) + ee_len - num;
+               ext_debug("free last %u blocks starting %llu\n", num, start);
                for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
                        bh = sb_find_get_block(inode->i_sb, start + i);
                        ext4_forget(handle, 0, inode, bh, start + i);
                }
                ext4_free_blocks(handle, inode, start, num);
        } else if (from == le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block)
-                  && to <= le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len) - 1) {
-               printk("strange request: removal %lu-%lu from %u:%u\n",
-                      from, to, le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block), le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len));
+                  && to <= le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block) + ee_len - 1) {
+               printk(KERN_INFO "strange request: removal %u-%u from %u:%u\n",
+                       from, to, le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block), ee_len);
        } else {
-               printk("strange request: removal(2) %lu-%lu from %u:%u\n",
-                      from, to, le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block), le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len));
+               printk(KERN_INFO "strange request: removal(2) "
+                               "%u-%u from %u:%u\n",
+                               from, to, le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block), ee_len);
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
 static int
 ext4_ext_rm_leaf(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
-               struct ext4_ext_path *path, unsigned long start)
+               struct ext4_ext_path *path, ext4_lblk_t start)
 {
        int err = 0, correct_index = 0;
        int depth = ext_depth(inode), credits;
        struct ext4_extent_header *eh;
-       unsigned a, b, block, num;
-       unsigned long ex_ee_block;
+       ext4_lblk_t a, b, block;
+       unsigned num;
+       ext4_lblk_t ex_ee_block;
        unsigned short ex_ee_len;
+       unsigned uninitialized = 0;
        struct ext4_extent *ex;
 
-       ext_debug("truncate since %lu in leaf\n", start);
+       /* the header must be checked already in ext4_ext_remove_space() */
+       ext_debug("truncate since %u in leaf\n", start);
        if (!path[depth].p_hdr)
                path[depth].p_hdr = ext_block_hdr(path[depth].p_bh);
        eh = path[depth].p_hdr;
        BUG_ON(eh == NULL);
-       BUG_ON(le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_entries) > le16_to_cpu(eh->eh_max));
-       BUG_ON(eh->eh_magic != EXT4_EXT_MAGIC);
 
        /* find where to start removing */
        ex = EXT_LAST_EXTENT(eh);
 
        ex_ee_block = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block);
-       ex_ee_len = le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len);
+       if (ext4_ext_is_uninitialized(ex))
+               uninitialized = 1;
+       ex_ee_len = ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex);
 
        while (ex >= EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(eh) &&
                        ex_ee_block + ex_ee_len > start) {
@@ -1753,6 +1755,12 @@ ext4_ext_rm_leaf(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
 
                ex->ee_block = cpu_to_le32(block);
                ex->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(num);
+               /*
+                * Do not mark uninitialized if all the blocks in the
+                * extent have been removed.
+                */
+               if (uninitialized && num)
+                       ext4_ext_mark_uninitialized(ex);
 
                err = ext4_ext_dirty(handle, inode, path + depth);
                if (err)
@@ -1762,7 +1770,7 @@ ext4_ext_rm_leaf(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
                                ext_pblock(ex));
                ex--;
                ex_ee_block = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block);
-               ex_ee_len = le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len);
+               ex_ee_len = ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex);
        }
 
        if (correct_index && eh->eh_entries)
@@ -1798,7 +1806,7 @@ ext4_ext_more_to_rm(struct ext4_ext_path *path)
        return 1;
 }
 
-int ext4_ext_remove_space(struct inode *inode, unsigned long start)
+static int ext4_ext_remove_space(struct inode *inode, ext4_lblk_t start)
 {
        struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
        int depth = ext_depth(inode);
@@ -1806,7 +1814,7 @@ int ext4_ext_remove_space(struct inode *inode, unsigned long start)
        handle_t *handle;
        int i = 0, err = 0;
 
-       ext_debug("truncate since %lu\n", start);
+       ext_debug("truncate since %u\n", start);
 
        /* probably first extent we're gonna free will be last in block */
        handle = ext4_journal_start(inode, depth + 1);
@@ -1825,7 +1833,7 @@ int ext4_ext_remove_space(struct inode *inode, unsigned long start)
                return -ENOMEM;
        }
        path[0].p_hdr = ext_inode_hdr(inode);
-       if (ext4_ext_check_header(__FUNCTION__, inode, path[0].p_hdr)) {
+       if (ext4_ext_check_header(inode, path[0].p_hdr, depth)) {
                err = -EIO;
                goto out;
        }
@@ -1846,17 +1854,8 @@ int ext4_ext_remove_space(struct inode *inode, unsigned long start)
                if (!path[i].p_hdr) {
                        ext_debug("initialize header\n");
                        path[i].p_hdr = ext_block_hdr(path[i].p_bh);
-                       if (ext4_ext_check_header(__FUNCTION__, inode,
-                                                       path[i].p_hdr)) {
-                               err = -EIO;
-                               goto out;
-                       }
                }
 
-               BUG_ON(le16_to_cpu(path[i].p_hdr->eh_entries)
-                          > le16_to_cpu(path[i].p_hdr->eh_max));
-               BUG_ON(path[i].p_hdr->eh_magic != EXT4_EXT_MAGIC);
-
                if (!path[i].p_idx) {
                        /* this level hasn't been touched yet */
                        path[i].p_idx = EXT_LAST_INDEX(path[i].p_hdr);
@@ -1873,17 +1872,27 @@ int ext4_ext_remove_space(struct inode *inode, unsigned long start)
                                i, EXT_FIRST_INDEX(path[i].p_hdr),
                                path[i].p_idx);
                if (ext4_ext_more_to_rm(path + i)) {
+                       struct buffer_head *bh;
                        /* go to the next level */
                        ext_debug("move to level %d (block %llu)\n",
                                  i + 1, idx_pblock(path[i].p_idx));
                        memset(path + i + 1, 0, sizeof(*path));
-                       path[i+1].p_bh =
-                               sb_bread(sb, idx_pblock(path[i].p_idx));
-                       if (!path[i+1].p_bh) {
+                       bh = sb_bread(sb, idx_pblock(path[i].p_idx));
+                       if (!bh) {
                                /* should we reset i_size? */
                                err = -EIO;
                                break;
                        }
+                       if (WARN_ON(i + 1 > depth)) {
+                               err = -EIO;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (ext4_ext_check_header(inode, ext_block_hdr(bh),
+                                                       depth - i - 1)) {
+                               err = -EIO;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       path[i + 1].p_bh = bh;
 
                        /* save actual number of indexes since this
                         * number is changed at the next iteration */
@@ -1977,20 +1986,164 @@ void ext4_ext_release(struct super_block *sb)
 #endif
 }
 
+/*
+ * This function is called by ext4_ext_get_blocks() if someone tries to write
+ * to an uninitialized extent. It may result in splitting the uninitialized
+ * extent into multiple extents (upto three - one initialized and two
+ * uninitialized).
+ * There are three possibilities:
+ *   a> There is no split required: Entire extent should be initialized
+ *   b> Splits in two extents: Write is happening at either end of the extent
+ *   c> Splits in three extents: Somone is writing in middle of the extent
+ */
+static int ext4_ext_convert_to_initialized(handle_t *handle,
+                                               struct inode *inode,
+                                               struct ext4_ext_path *path,
+                                               ext4_lblk_t iblock,
+                                               unsigned long max_blocks)
+{
+       struct ext4_extent *ex, newex;
+       struct ext4_extent *ex1 = NULL;
+       struct ext4_extent *ex2 = NULL;
+       struct ext4_extent *ex3 = NULL;
+       struct ext4_extent_header *eh;
+       ext4_lblk_t ee_block;
+       unsigned int allocated, ee_len, depth;
+       ext4_fsblk_t newblock;
+       int err = 0;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       depth = ext_depth(inode);
+       eh = path[depth].p_hdr;
+       ex = path[depth].p_ext;
+       ee_block = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block);
+       ee_len = ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex);
+       allocated = ee_len - (iblock - ee_block);
+       newblock = iblock - ee_block + ext_pblock(ex);
+       ex2 = ex;
+
+       /* ex1: ee_block to iblock - 1 : uninitialized */
+       if (iblock > ee_block) {
+               ex1 = ex;
+               ex1->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(iblock - ee_block);
+               ext4_ext_mark_uninitialized(ex1);
+               ex2 = &newex;
+       }
+       /*
+        * for sanity, update the length of the ex2 extent before
+        * we insert ex3, if ex1 is NULL. This is to avoid temporary
+        * overlap of blocks.
+        */
+       if (!ex1 && allocated > max_blocks)
+               ex2->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(max_blocks);
+       /* ex3: to ee_block + ee_len : uninitialised */
+       if (allocated > max_blocks) {
+               unsigned int newdepth;
+               ex3 = &newex;
+               ex3->ee_block = cpu_to_le32(iblock + max_blocks);
+               ext4_ext_store_pblock(ex3, newblock + max_blocks);
+               ex3->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(allocated - max_blocks);
+               ext4_ext_mark_uninitialized(ex3);
+               err = ext4_ext_insert_extent(handle, inode, path, ex3);
+               if (err)
+                       goto out;
+               /*
+                * The depth, and hence eh & ex might change
+                * as part of the insert above.
+                */
+               newdepth = ext_depth(inode);
+               if (newdepth != depth) {
+                       depth = newdepth;
+                       path = ext4_ext_find_extent(inode, iblock, NULL);
+                       if (IS_ERR(path)) {
+                               err = PTR_ERR(path);
+                               path = NULL;
+                               goto out;
+                       }
+                       eh = path[depth].p_hdr;
+                       ex = path[depth].p_ext;
+                       if (ex2 != &newex)
+                               ex2 = ex;
+               }
+               allocated = max_blocks;
+       }
+       /*
+        * If there was a change of depth as part of the
+        * insertion of ex3 above, we need to update the length
+        * of the ex1 extent again here
+        */
+       if (ex1 && ex1 != ex) {
+               ex1 = ex;
+               ex1->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(iblock - ee_block);
+               ext4_ext_mark_uninitialized(ex1);
+               ex2 = &newex;
+       }
+       /* ex2: iblock to iblock + maxblocks-1 : initialised */
+       ex2->ee_block = cpu_to_le32(iblock);
+       ext4_ext_store_pblock(ex2, newblock);
+       ex2->ee_len = cpu_to_le16(allocated);
+       if (ex2 != ex)
+               goto insert;
+       err = ext4_ext_get_access(handle, inode, path + depth);
+       if (err)
+               goto out;
+       /*
+        * New (initialized) extent starts from the first block
+        * in the current extent. i.e., ex2 == ex
+        * We have to see if it can be merged with the extent
+        * on the left.
+        */
+       if (ex2 > EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(eh)) {
+               /*
+                * To merge left, pass "ex2 - 1" to try_to_merge(),
+                * since it merges towards right _only_.
+                */
+               ret = ext4_ext_try_to_merge(inode, path, ex2 - 1);
+               if (ret) {
+                       err = ext4_ext_correct_indexes(handle, inode, path);
+                       if (err)
+                               goto out;
+                       depth = ext_depth(inode);
+                       ex2--;
+               }
+       }
+       /*
+        * Try to Merge towards right. This might be required
+        * only when the whole extent is being written to.
+        * i.e. ex2 == ex and ex3 == NULL.
+        */
+       if (!ex3) {
+               ret = ext4_ext_try_to_merge(inode, path, ex2);
+               if (ret) {
+                       err = ext4_ext_correct_indexes(handle, inode, path);
+                       if (err)
+                               goto out;
+               }
+       }
+       /* Mark modified extent as dirty */
+       err = ext4_ext_dirty(handle, inode, path + depth);
+       goto out;
+insert:
+       err = ext4_ext_insert_extent(handle, inode, path, &newex);
+out:
+       return err ? err : allocated;
+}
+
 int ext4_ext_get_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
-                       ext4_fsblk_t iblock,
+                       ext4_lblk_t iblock,
                        unsigned long max_blocks, struct buffer_head *bh_result,
                        int create, int extend_disksize)
 {
        struct ext4_ext_path *path = NULL;
+       struct ext4_extent_header *eh;
        struct ext4_extent newex, *ex;
        ext4_fsblk_t goal, newblock;
-       int err = 0, depth;
+       int err = 0, depth, ret;
        unsigned long allocated = 0;
 
        __clear_bit(BH_New, &bh_result->b_state);
-       ext_debug("blocks %d/%lu requested for inode %u\n", (int) iblock,
-                       max_blocks, (unsigned) inode->i_ino);
+       ext_debug("blocks %u/%lu requested for inode %u\n",
+                       iblock, max_blocks, inode->i_ino);
        mutex_lock(&EXT4_I(inode)->truncate_mutex);
 
        /* check in cache */
@@ -1998,8 +2151,10 @@ int ext4_ext_get_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
        if (goal) {
                if (goal == EXT4_EXT_CACHE_GAP) {
                        if (!create) {
-                               /* block isn't allocated yet and
-                                * user doesn't want to allocate it */
+                               /*
+                                * block isn't allocated yet and
+                                * user doesn't want to allocate it
+                                */
                                goto out2;
                        }
                        /* we should allocate requested block */
@@ -2033,31 +2188,47 @@ int ext4_ext_get_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
         * this is why assert can't be put in ext4_ext_find_extent()
         */
        BUG_ON(path[depth].p_ext == NULL && depth != 0);
+       eh = path[depth].p_hdr;
 
        ex = path[depth].p_ext;
        if (ex) {
-               unsigned long ee_block = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block);
+               ext4_lblk_t ee_block = le32_to_cpu(ex->ee_block);
                ext4_fsblk_t ee_start = ext_pblock(ex);
-               unsigned short ee_len  = le16_to_cpu(ex->ee_len);
+               unsigned short ee_len;
 
                /*
-                * Allow future support for preallocated extents to be added
-                * as an RO_COMPAT feature:
                 * Uninitialized extents are treated as holes, except that
-                * we avoid (fail) allocating new blocks during a write.
+                * we split out initialized portions during a write.
                 */
-               if (ee_len > EXT_MAX_LEN)
-                       goto out2;
+               ee_len = ext4_ext_get_actual_len(ex);
                /* if found extent covers block, simply return it */
                if (iblock >= ee_block && iblock < ee_block + ee_len) {
                        newblock = iblock - ee_block + ee_start;
                        /* number of remaining blocks in the extent */
                        allocated = ee_len - (iblock - ee_block);
-                       ext_debug("%d fit into %lu:%d -> %llu\n", (int) iblock,
+                       ext_debug("%u fit into %lu:%d -> %llu\n", iblock,
                                        ee_block, ee_len, newblock);
-                       ext4_ext_put_in_cache(inode, ee_block, ee_len,
-                                               ee_start, EXT4_EXT_CACHE_EXTENT);
-                       goto out;
+
+                       /* Do not put uninitialized extent in the cache */
+                       if (!ext4_ext_is_uninitialized(ex)) {
+                               ext4_ext_put_in_cache(inode, ee_block,
+                                                       ee_len, ee_start,
+                                                       EXT4_EXT_CACHE_EXTENT);
+                               goto out;
+                       }
+                       if (create == EXT4_CREATE_UNINITIALIZED_EXT)
+                               goto out;
+                       if (!create)
+                               goto out2;
+
+                       ret = ext4_ext_convert_to_initialized(handle, inode,
+                                                               path, iblock,
+                                                               max_blocks);
+                       if (ret <= 0)
+                               goto out2;
+                       else
+                               allocated = ret;
+                       goto outnew;
                }
        }
 
@@ -2066,8 +2237,10 @@ int ext4_ext_get_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
         * we couldn't try to create block if create flag is zero
         */
        if (!create) {
-               /* put just found gap into cache to speed up
-                * subsequent requests */
+               /*
+                * put just found gap into cache to speed up
+                * subsequent requests
+                */
                ext4_ext_put_gap_in_cache(inode, path, iblock);
                goto out2;
        }
@@ -2081,6 +2254,19 @@ int ext4_ext_get_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
        /* allocate new block */
        goal = ext4_ext_find_goal(inode, path, iblock);
 
+       /*
+        * See if request is beyond maximum number of blocks we can have in
+        * a single extent. For an initialized extent this limit is
+        * EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN and for an uninitialized extent this limit is
+        * EXT_UNINIT_MAX_LEN.
+        */
+       if (max_blocks > EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN &&
+           create != EXT4_CREATE_UNINITIALIZED_EXT)
+               max_blocks = EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN;
+       else if (max_blocks > EXT_UNINIT_MAX_LEN &&
+                create == EXT4_CREATE_UNINITIALIZED_EXT)
+               max_blocks = EXT_UNINIT_MAX_LEN;
+
        /* Check if we can really insert (iblock)::(iblock+max_blocks) extent */
        newex.ee_block = cpu_to_le32(iblock);
        newex.ee_len = cpu_to_le16(max_blocks);
@@ -2098,6 +2284,8 @@ int ext4_ext_get_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
        /* try to insert new extent into found leaf and return */
        ext4_ext_store_pblock(&newex, newblock);
        newex.ee_len = cpu_to_le16(allocated);
+       if (create == EXT4_CREATE_UNINITIALIZED_EXT)  /* Mark uninitialized */
+               ext4_ext_mark_uninitialized(&newex);
        err = ext4_ext_insert_extent(handle, inode, path, &newex);
        if (err) {
                /* free data blocks we just allocated */
@@ -2111,10 +2299,13 @@ int ext4_ext_get_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
 
        /* previous routine could use block we allocated */
        newblock = ext_pblock(&newex);
+outnew:
        __set_bit(BH_New, &bh_result->b_state);
 
-       ext4_ext_put_in_cache(inode, iblock, allocated, newblock,
-                               EXT4_EXT_CACHE_EXTENT);
+       /* Cache only when it is _not_ an uninitialized extent */
+       if (create != EXT4_CREATE_UNINITIALIZED_EXT)
+               ext4_ext_put_in_cache(inode, iblock, allocated, newblock,
+                                               EXT4_EXT_CACHE_EXTENT);
 out:
        if (allocated > max_blocks)
                allocated = max_blocks;
@@ -2136,7 +2327,7 @@ void ext4_ext_truncate(struct inode * inode, struct page *page)
 {
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
        struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
-       unsigned long last_block;
+       ext4_lblk_t last_block;
        handle_t *handle;
        int err = 0;
 
@@ -2178,7 +2369,8 @@ void ext4_ext_truncate(struct inode * inode, struct page *page)
        err = ext4_ext_remove_space(inode, last_block);
 
        /* In a multi-transaction truncate, we only make the final
-        * transaction synchronous. */
+        * transaction synchronous.
+        */
        if (IS_SYNC(inode))
                handle->h_sync = 1;
 
@@ -2217,3 +2409,128 @@ int ext4_ext_writepage_trans_blocks(struct inode *inode, int num)
 
        return needed;
 }
+
+/*
+ * preallocate space for a file. This implements ext4's fallocate inode
+ * operation, which gets called from sys_fallocate system call.
+ * For block-mapped files, posix_fallocate should fall back to the method
+ * of writing zeroes to the required new blocks (the same behavior which is
+ * expected for file systems which do not support fallocate() system call).
+ */
+long ext4_fallocate(struct inode *inode, int mode, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
+{
+       handle_t *handle;
+       ext4_lblk_t block;
+       unsigned long max_blocks;
+       ext4_fsblk_t nblocks = 0;
+       int ret = 0;
+       int ret2 = 0;
+       int retries = 0;
+       struct buffer_head map_bh;
+       unsigned int credits, blkbits = inode->i_blkbits;
+
+       /*
+        * currently supporting (pre)allocate mode for extent-based
+        * files _only_
+        */
+       if (!(EXT4_I(inode)->i_flags & EXT4_EXTENTS_FL))
+               return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+       /* preallocation to directories is currently not supported */
+       if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+               return -ENODEV;
+
+       block = offset >> blkbits;
+       max_blocks = (EXT4_BLOCK_ALIGN(len + offset, blkbits) >> blkbits)
+                       - block;
+
+       /*
+        * credits to insert 1 extent into extent tree + buffers to be able to
+        * modify 1 super block, 1 block bitmap and 1 group descriptor.
+        */
+       credits = EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(inode->i_sb) + 3;
+retry:
+       while (ret >= 0 && ret < max_blocks) {
+               block = block + ret;
+               max_blocks = max_blocks - ret;
+               handle = ext4_journal_start(inode, credits);
+               if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
+                       ret = PTR_ERR(handle);
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               ret = ext4_ext_get_blocks(handle, inode, block,
+                                         max_blocks, &map_bh,
+                                         EXT4_CREATE_UNINITIALIZED_EXT, 0);
+               WARN_ON(!ret);
+               if (!ret) {
+                       ext4_error(inode->i_sb, "ext4_fallocate",
+                                  "ext4_ext_get_blocks returned 0! inode#%lu"
+                                  ", block=%u, max_blocks=%lu",
+                                  inode->i_ino, block, max_blocks);
+                       ret = -EIO;
+                       ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+                       ret2 = ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+                       break;
+               }
+               if (ret > 0) {
+                       /* check wrap through sign-bit/zero here */
+                       if ((block + ret) < 0 || (block + ret) < block) {
+                               ret = -EIO;
+                               ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+                               ret2 = ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (buffer_new(&map_bh) && ((block + ret) >
+                           (EXT4_BLOCK_ALIGN(i_size_read(inode), blkbits)
+                           >> blkbits)))
+                                       nblocks = nblocks + ret;
+               }
+
+               /* Update ctime if new blocks get allocated */
+               if (nblocks) {
+                       struct timespec now;
+
+                       now = current_fs_time(inode->i_sb);
+                       if (!timespec_equal(&inode->i_ctime, &now))
+                               inode->i_ctime = now;
+               }
+
+               ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+               ret2 = ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+               if (ret2)
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       if (ret == -ENOSPC && ext4_should_retry_alloc(inode->i_sb, &retries))
+               goto retry;
+
+       /*
+        * Time to update the file size.
+        * Update only when preallocation was requested beyond the file size.
+        */
+       if (!(mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE) &&
+           (offset + len) > i_size_read(inode)) {
+               if (ret > 0) {
+                       /*
+                        * if no error, we assume preallocation succeeded
+                        * completely
+                        */
+                       mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
+                       i_size_write(inode, offset + len);
+                       EXT4_I(inode)->i_disksize = i_size_read(inode);
+                       mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+               } else if (ret < 0 && nblocks) {
+                       /* Handle partial allocation scenario */
+                       loff_t newsize;
+
+                       mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
+                       newsize  = (nblocks << blkbits) + i_size_read(inode);
+                       i_size_write(inode, EXT4_BLOCK_ALIGN(newsize, blkbits));
+                       EXT4_I(inode)->i_disksize = i_size_read(inode);
+                       mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+               }
+       }
+
+       return ret > 0 ? ret2 : ret;
+}