Users can use the huge page support in Linux kernel by either using the mmap
system call or standard SYSv shared memory system calls (shmget, shmat).
-First the Linux kernel needs to be built with CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE (present
-under Processor types and feature) and CONFIG_HUGETLBFS (present under file
-system option on config menu) config options.
+First the Linux kernel needs to be built with the CONFIG_HUGETLBFS
+(present under "File systems") and CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE (selected
+automatically when CONFIG_HUGETLBFS is selected) configuration
+options.
-The kernel built with hugepage support should show the number of configured
-hugepages in the system by running the "cat /proc/meminfo" command.
+The kernel built with huge page support should show the number of configured
+huge pages in the system by running the "cat /proc/meminfo" command.
/proc/meminfo also provides information about the total number of hugetlb
pages configured in the kernel. It also displays information about the
number of free hugetlb pages at any time. It also displays information about
-the configured hugepage size - this is needed for generating the proper
+the configured huge page size - this is needed for generating the proper
alignment and size of the arguments to the above system calls.
-The output of "cat /proc/meminfo" will have output like:
+The output of "cat /proc/meminfo" will have lines like:
.....
-HugePages_Total: xxx
-HugePages_Free: yyy
-Hugepagesize: zzz KB
+HugePages_Total: vvv
+HugePages_Free: www
+HugePages_Rsvd: xxx
+HugePages_Surp: yyy
+Hugepagesize: zzz kB
+
+where:
+HugePages_Total is the size of the pool of huge pages.
+HugePages_Free is the number of huge pages in the pool that are not yet
+ allocated.
+HugePages_Rsvd is short for "reserved," and is the number of huge pages for
+ which a commitment to allocate from the pool has been made,
+ but no allocation has yet been made. Reserved huge pages
+ guarantee that an application will be able to allocate a
+ huge page from the pool of huge pages at fault time.
+HugePages_Surp is short for "surplus," and is the number of huge pages in
+ the pool above the value in /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages. The
+ maximum number of surplus huge pages is controlled by
+ /proc/sys/vm/nr_overcommit_hugepages.
/proc/filesystems should also show a filesystem of type "hugetlbfs" configured
in the kernel.
/proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages indicates the current number of configured hugetlb
pages in the kernel. Super user can dynamically request more (or free some
-pre-configured) hugepages.
-The allocation( or deallocation) of hugetlb pages is posible only if there are
-enough physically contiguous free pages in system (freeing of hugepages is
-possible only if there are enough hugetlb pages free that can be transfered
+pre-configured) huge pages.
+The allocation (or deallocation) of hugetlb pages is possible only if there are
+enough physically contiguous free pages in system (freeing of huge pages is
+possible only if there are enough hugetlb pages free that can be transferred
back to regular memory pool).
-Pages that are used as hugetlb pages are reserved inside the kernel and can
-not be used for other purposes.
+Pages that are used as hugetlb pages are reserved inside the kernel and cannot
+be used for other purposes.
Once the kernel with Hugetlb page support is built and running, a user can
use either the mmap system call or shared memory system calls to start using
the huge pages. It is required that the system administrator preallocate
-enough memory for huge page purposes.
+enough memory for huge page purposes.
-Use the following command to dynamically allocate/deallocate hugepages:
+The administrator can preallocate huge pages on the kernel boot command line by
+specifying the "hugepages=N" parameter, where 'N' = the number of huge pages
+requested. This is the most reliable method for preallocating huge pages as
+memory has not yet become fragmented.
- echo 20 > /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages
+Some platforms support multiple huge page sizes. To preallocate huge pages
+of a specific size, one must preceed the huge pages boot command parameters
+with a huge page size selection parameter "hugepagesz=<size>". <size> must
+be specified in bytes with optional scale suffix [kKmMgG]. The default huge
+page size may be selected with the "default_hugepagesz=<size>" boot parameter.
+
+/proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages indicates the current number of configured [default
+size] hugetlb pages in the kernel. Super user can dynamically request more
+(or free some pre-configured) huge pages.
-This command will try to configure 20 hugepages in the system. The success
-or failure of allocation depends on the amount of physically contiguous
-memory that is preset in system at this time. System administrators may want
-to put this command in one of the local rc init file. This will enable the
-kernel to request huge pages early in the boot process (when the possibility
-of getting physical contiguous pages is still very high).
+Use the following command to dynamically allocate/deallocate default sized
+huge pages:
+
+ echo 20 > /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages
-If the user applications are going to request hugepages using mmap system
+This command will try to configure 20 default sized huge pages in the system.
+On a NUMA platform, the kernel will attempt to distribute the huge page pool
+over the all on-line nodes. These huge pages, allocated when nr_hugepages
+is increased, are called "persistent huge pages".
+
+The success or failure of huge page allocation depends on the amount of
+physically contiguous memory that is preset in system at the time of the
+allocation attempt. If the kernel is unable to allocate huge pages from
+some nodes in a NUMA system, it will attempt to make up the difference by
+allocating extra pages on other nodes with sufficient available contiguous
+memory, if any.
+
+System administrators may want to put this command in one of the local rc init
+files. This will enable the kernel to request huge pages early in the boot
+process when the possibility of getting physical contiguous pages is still
+very high. Administrators can verify the number of huge pages actually
+allocated by checking the sysctl or meminfo. To check the per node
+distribution of huge pages in a NUMA system, use:
+
+ cat /sys/devices/system/node/node*/meminfo | fgrep Huge
+
+/proc/sys/vm/nr_overcommit_hugepages specifies how large the pool of
+huge pages can grow, if more huge pages than /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages are
+requested by applications. Writing any non-zero value into this file
+indicates that the hugetlb subsystem is allowed to try to obtain "surplus"
+huge pages from the buddy allocator, when the normal pool is exhausted. As
+these surplus huge pages go out of use, they are freed back to the buddy
+allocator.
+
+When increasing the huge page pool size via nr_hugepages, any surplus
+pages will first be promoted to persistent huge pages. Then, additional
+huge pages will be allocated, if necessary and if possible, to fulfill
+the new huge page pool size.
+
+The administrator may shrink the pool of preallocated huge pages for
+the default huge page size by setting the nr_hugepages sysctl to a
+smaller value. The kernel will attempt to balance the freeing of huge pages
+across all on-line nodes. Any free huge pages on the selected nodes will
+be freed back to the buddy allocator.
+
+Caveat: Shrinking the pool via nr_hugepages such that it becomes less
+than the number of huge pages in use will convert the balance to surplus
+huge pages even if it would exceed the overcommit value. As long as
+this condition holds, however, no more surplus huge pages will be
+allowed on the system until one of the two sysctls are increased
+sufficiently, or the surplus huge pages go out of use and are freed.
+
+With support for multiple huge page pools at run-time available, much of
+the huge page userspace interface has been duplicated in sysfs. The above
+information applies to the default huge page size which will be
+controlled by the /proc interfaces for backwards compatibility. The root
+huge page control directory in sysfs is:
+
+ /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages
+
+For each huge page size supported by the running kernel, a subdirectory
+will exist, of the form
+
+ hugepages-${size}kB
+
+Inside each of these directories, the same set of files will exist:
+
+ nr_hugepages
+ nr_overcommit_hugepages
+ free_hugepages
+ resv_hugepages
+ surplus_hugepages
+
+which function as described above for the default huge page-sized case.
+
+If the user applications are going to request huge pages using mmap system
call, then it is required that system administrator mount a file system of
type hugetlbfs:
- mount none /mnt/huge -t hugetlbfs <uid=value> <gid=value> <mode=value>
- <size=value> <nr_inodes=value>
+ mount -t hugetlbfs \
+ -o uid=<value>,gid=<value>,mode=<value>,size=<value>,nr_inodes=<value> \
+ none /mnt/huge
This command mounts a (pseudo) filesystem of type hugetlbfs on the directory
-/mnt/huge. Any files created on /mnt/huge uses hugepages. The uid and gid
+/mnt/huge. Any files created on /mnt/huge uses huge pages. The uid and gid
options sets the owner and group of the root of the file system. By default
the uid and gid of the current process are taken. The mode option sets the
mode of root of file system to value & 0777. This value is given in octal.
By default the value 0755 is picked. The size option sets the maximum value of
memory (huge pages) allowed for that filesystem (/mnt/huge). The size is
-rounded down to HPAGE_SIZE. The option nr_inode sets the maximum number of
-inodes that /mnt/huge can use. If the size or nr_inode options are not
+rounded down to HPAGE_SIZE. The option nr_inodes sets the maximum number of
+inodes that /mnt/huge can use. If the size or nr_inodes option is not
provided on command line then no limits are set. For size and nr_inodes
-options, you can use [G|g]/[M|m]/[K|k] to represent giga/mega/kilo. For
-example, size=2K has the same meaning as size=2048. An example is given at
-the end of this document.
+options, you can use [G|g]/[M|m]/[K|k] to represent giga/mega/kilo. For
+example, size=2K has the same meaning as size=2048.
-read and write system calls are not supported on files that reside on hugetlb
-file systems.
+While read system calls are supported on files that reside on hugetlb
+file systems, write system calls are not.
-A regular chown, chgrp and chmod commands (with right permissions) could be
+Regular chown, chgrp, and chmod commands (with right permissions) could be
used to change the file attributes on hugetlbfs.
Also, it is important to note that no such mount command is required if the
-applications are going to use only shmat/shmget system calls. Users who
-wish to use hugetlb page via shared memory segment should be a member of
-a supplementary group and system admin needs to configure that gid into
-/proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group. It is possible for same or different
-applications to use any combination of mmaps and shm* calls. Though the
-mount of filesystem will be required for using mmaps.
+applications are going to use only shmat/shmget system calls or mmap with
+MAP_HUGETLB. Users who wish to use hugetlb page via shared memory segment
+should be a member of a supplementary group and system admin needs to
+configure that gid into /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group. It is possible for
+same or different applications to use any combination of mmaps and shm*
+calls, though the mount of filesystem will be required for using mmap calls
+without MAP_HUGETLB. For an example of how to use mmap with MAP_HUGETLB see
+map_hugetlb.c.
*******************************************************************
/*
- * Example of using hugepage memory in a user application using Sys V shared
+ * Example of using huge page memory in a user application using Sys V shared
* memory system calls. In this example the app is requesting 256MB of
* memory that is backed by huge pages. The application uses the flag
* SHM_HUGETLB in the shmget system call to inform the kernel that it is
- * requesting hugepages.
+ * requesting huge pages.
*
* For the ia64 architecture, the Linux kernel reserves Region number 4 for
- * hugepages. That means the addresses starting with 0x800000... will need
+ * huge pages. That means the addresses starting with 0x800000... will need
* to be specified. Specifying a fixed address is not required on ppc64,
* i386 or x86_64.
*
*******************************************************************
/*
- * Example of using hugepage memory in a user application using the mmap
+ * Example of using huge page memory in a user application using the mmap
* system call. Before running this application, make sure that the
* administrator has mounted the hugetlbfs filesystem (on some directory
* like /mnt) using the command mount -t hugetlbfs nodev /mnt. In this
* example, the app is requesting memory of size 256MB that is backed by
* huge pages.
*
- * For ia64 architecture, Linux kernel reserves Region number 4 for hugepages.
+ * For ia64 architecture, Linux kernel reserves Region number 4 for huge pages.
* That means the addresses starting with 0x800000... will need to be
* specified. Specifying a fixed address is not required on ppc64, i386
* or x86_64.
git://ftp.safe.ca / safe / jmp / linux-2.6 / blobdiff