[PATCH] DocBook: changes and extensions to the kernel documentation

[safe/jmp/linux-2.6] / mm / page_alloc.c

/*
 *  linux/mm/page_alloc.c
 *
 *  Manages the free list, the system allocates free pages here.
 *  Note that kmalloc() lives in slab.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994  Linus Torvalds
 *  Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
 *  Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
 *  Reshaped it to be a zoned allocator, Ingo Molnar, Red Hat, 1999
 *  Discontiguous memory support, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Nov 1999
 *  Zone balancing, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Jan 2000
 *  Per cpu hot/cold page lists, bulk allocation, Martin J. Bligh, Sept 2002
 *          (lots of bits borrowed from Ingo Molnar & Andrew Morton)
 */

#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/stddef.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/suspend.h>
#include <linux/pagevec.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/topology.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/cpuset.h>
#include <linux/nodemask.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>

#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include "internal.h"

/*
 * MCD - HACK: Find somewhere to initialize this EARLY, or make this
 * initializer cleaner
 */
nodemask_t node_online_map = { { [0] = 1UL } };
nodemask_t node_possible_map = NODE_MASK_ALL;
struct pglist_data *pgdat_list;
unsigned long totalram_pages;
unsigned long totalhigh_pages;
long nr_swap_pages;

/*
 * results with 256, 32 in the lowmem_reserve sysctl:
 *      1G machine -> (16M dma, 800M-16M normal, 1G-800M high)
 *      1G machine -> (16M dma, 784M normal, 224M high)
 *      NORMAL allocation will leave 784M/256 of ram reserved in the ZONE_DMA
 *      HIGHMEM allocation will leave 224M/32 of ram reserved in ZONE_NORMAL
 *      HIGHMEM allocation will (224M+784M)/256 of ram reserved in ZONE_DMA
 */
int sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[MAX_NR_ZONES-1] = { 256, 32 };

EXPORT_SYMBOL(totalram_pages);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_swap_pages);

/*
 * Used by page_zone() to look up the address of the struct zone whose
 * id is encoded in the upper bits of page->flags
 */
struct zone *zone_table[1 << (ZONES_SHIFT + NODES_SHIFT)];
EXPORT_SYMBOL(zone_table);

static char *zone_names[MAX_NR_ZONES] = { "DMA", "Normal", "HighMem" };
int min_free_kbytes = 1024;

unsigned long __initdata nr_kernel_pages;
unsigned long __initdata nr_all_pages;

/*
 * Temporary debugging check for pages not lying within a given zone.
 */
static int bad_range(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
        if (page_to_pfn(page) >= zone->zone_start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages)
                return 1;
        if (page_to_pfn(page) < zone->zone_start_pfn)
                return 1;
#ifdef CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE
        if (!pfn_valid(page_to_pfn(page)))
                return 1;
#endif
        if (zone != page_zone(page))
                return 1;
        return 0;
}

static void bad_page(const char *function, struct page *page)
{
        printk(KERN_EMERG "Bad page state at %s (in process '%s', page %p)\n",
                function, current->comm, page);
        printk(KERN_EMERG "flags:0x%0*lx mapping:%p mapcount:%d count:%d\n",
                (int)(2*sizeof(page_flags_t)), (unsigned long)page->flags,
                page->mapping, page_mapcount(page), page_count(page));
        printk(KERN_EMERG "Backtrace:\n");
        dump_stack();
        printk(KERN_EMERG "Trying to fix it up, but a reboot is needed\n");
        page->flags &= ~(1 << PG_private        |
                        1 << PG_locked  |
                        1 << PG_lru     |
                        1 << PG_active  |
                        1 << PG_dirty   |
                        1 << PG_swapcache |
                        1 << PG_writeback);
        set_page_count(page, 0);
        reset_page_mapcount(page);
        page->mapping = NULL;
        tainted |= TAINT_BAD_PAGE;
}

#ifndef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
#define prep_compound_page(page, order) do { } while (0)
#define destroy_compound_page(page, order) do { } while (0)
#else
/*
 * Higher-order pages are called "compound pages".  They are structured thusly:
 *
 * The first PAGE_SIZE page is called the "head page".
 *
 * The remaining PAGE_SIZE pages are called "tail pages".
 *
 * All pages have PG_compound set.  All pages have their ->private pointing at
 * the head page (even the head page has this).
 *
 * The first tail page's ->mapping, if non-zero, holds the address of the
 * compound page's put_page() function.
 *
 * The order of the allocation is stored in the first tail page's ->index
 * This is only for debug at present.  This usage means that zero-order pages
 * may not be compound.
 */
static void prep_compound_page(struct page *page, unsigned long order)
{
        int i;
        int nr_pages = 1 << order;

        page[1].mapping = NULL;
        page[1].index = order;
        for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
                struct page *p = page + i;

                SetPageCompound(p);
                p->private = (unsigned long)page;
        }
}

static void destroy_compound_page(struct page *page, unsigned long order)
{
        int i;
        int nr_pages = 1 << order;

        if (!PageCompound(page))
                return;

        if (page[1].index != order)
                bad_page(__FUNCTION__, page);

        for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
                struct page *p = page + i;

                if (!PageCompound(p))
                        bad_page(__FUNCTION__, page);
                if (p->private != (unsigned long)page)
                        bad_page(__FUNCTION__, page);
                ClearPageCompound(p);
        }
}
#endif          /* CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE */

/*
 * function for dealing with page's order in buddy system.
 * zone->lock is already acquired when we use these.
 * So, we don't need atomic page->flags operations here.
 */
static inline unsigned long page_order(struct page *page) {
        return page->private;
}

static inline void set_page_order(struct page *page, int order) {
        page->private = order;
        __SetPagePrivate(page);
}

static inline void rmv_page_order(struct page *page)
{
        __ClearPagePrivate(page);
        page->private = 0;
}

/*
 * Locate the struct page for both the matching buddy in our
 * pair (buddy1) and the combined O(n+1) page they form (page).
 *
 * 1) Any buddy B1 will have an order O twin B2 which satisfies
 * the following equation:
 *     B2 = B1 ^ (1 << O)
 * For example, if the starting buddy (buddy2) is #8 its order
 * 1 buddy is #10:
 *     B2 = 8 ^ (1 << 1) = 8 ^ 2 = 10
 *
 * 2) Any buddy B will have an order O+1 parent P which
 * satisfies the following equation:
 *     P = B & ~(1 << O)
 *
 * Assumption: *_mem_map is contigious at least up to MAX_ORDER
 */
static inline struct page *
__page_find_buddy(struct page *page, unsigned long page_idx, unsigned int order)
{
        unsigned long buddy_idx = page_idx ^ (1 << order);

        return page + (buddy_idx - page_idx);
}

static inline unsigned long
__find_combined_index(unsigned long page_idx, unsigned int order)
{
        return (page_idx & ~(1 << order));
}

/*
 * This function checks whether a page is free && is the buddy
 * we can do coalesce a page and its buddy if
 * (a) the buddy is free &&
 * (b) the buddy is on the buddy system &&
 * (c) a page and its buddy have the same order.
 * for recording page's order, we use page->private and PG_private.
 *
 */
static inline int page_is_buddy(struct page *page, int order)
{
       if (PagePrivate(page)           &&
           (page_order(page) == order) &&
           !PageReserved(page)         &&
            page_count(page) == 0)
               return 1;
       return 0;
}

/*
 * Freeing function for a buddy system allocator.
 *
 * The concept of a buddy system is to maintain direct-mapped table
 * (containing bit values) for memory blocks of various "orders".
 * The bottom level table contains the map for the smallest allocatable
 * units of memory (here, pages), and each level above it describes
 * pairs of units from the levels below, hence, "buddies".
 * At a high level, all that happens here is marking the table entry
 * at the bottom level available, and propagating the changes upward
 * as necessary, plus some accounting needed to play nicely with other
 * parts of the VM system.
 * At each level, we keep a list of pages, which are heads of continuous
 * free pages of length of (1 << order) and marked with PG_Private.Page's
 * order is recorded in page->private field.
 * So when we are allocating or freeing one, we can derive the state of the
 * other.  That is, if we allocate a small block, and both were   
 * free, the remainder of the region must be split into blocks.   
 * If a block is freed, and its buddy is also free, then this
 * triggers coalescing into a block of larger size.            
 *
 * -- wli
 */

static inline void __free_pages_bulk (struct page *page,
                struct zone *zone, unsigned int order)
{
        unsigned long page_idx;
        int order_size = 1 << order;

        if (unlikely(order))
                destroy_compound_page(page, order);

        page_idx = page_to_pfn(page) & ((1 << MAX_ORDER) - 1);

        BUG_ON(page_idx & (order_size - 1));
        BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, page));

        zone->free_pages += order_size;
        while (order < MAX_ORDER-1) {
                unsigned long combined_idx;
                struct free_area *area;
                struct page *buddy;

                combined_idx = __find_combined_index(page_idx, order);
                buddy = __page_find_buddy(page, page_idx, order);

                if (bad_range(zone, buddy))
                        break;
                if (!page_is_buddy(buddy, order))
                        break;          /* Move the buddy up one level. */
                list_del(&buddy->lru);
                area = zone->free_area + order;
                area->nr_free--;
                rmv_page_order(buddy);
                page = page + (combined_idx - page_idx);
                page_idx = combined_idx;
                order++;
        }
        set_page_order(page, order);
        list_add(&page->lru, &zone->free_area[order].free_list);
        zone->free_area[order].nr_free++;
}

static inline void free_pages_check(const char *function, struct page *page)
{
        if (    page_mapcount(page) ||
                page->mapping != NULL ||
                page_count(page) != 0 ||
                (page->flags & (
                        1 << PG_lru     |
                        1 << PG_private |
                        1 << PG_locked  |
                        1 << PG_active  |
                        1 << PG_reclaim |
                        1 << PG_slab    |
                        1 << PG_swapcache |
                        1 << PG_writeback )))
                bad_page(function, page);
        if (PageDirty(page))
                ClearPageDirty(page);
}

/*
 * Frees a list of pages. 
 * Assumes all pages on list are in same zone, and of same order.
 * count is the number of pages to free, or 0 for all on the list.
 *
 * If the zone was previously in an "all pages pinned" state then look to
 * see if this freeing clears that state.
 *
 * And clear the zone's pages_scanned counter, to hold off the "all pages are
 * pinned" detection logic.
 */
static int
free_pages_bulk(struct zone *zone, int count,
                struct list_head *list, unsigned int order)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct page *page = NULL;
        int ret = 0;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
        zone->all_unreclaimable = 0;
        zone->pages_scanned = 0;
        while (!list_empty(list) && count--) {
                page = list_entry(list->prev, struct page, lru);
                /* have to delete it as __free_pages_bulk list manipulates */
                list_del(&page->lru);
                __free_pages_bulk(page, zone, order);
                ret++;
        }
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
        return ret;
}

void __free_pages_ok(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
        LIST_HEAD(list);
        int i;

        arch_free_page(page, order);

        mod_page_state(pgfree, 1 << order);

#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
        if (order > 0)
                for (i = 1 ; i < (1 << order) ; ++i)
                        __put_page(page + i);
#endif

        for (i = 0 ; i < (1 << order) ; ++i)
                free_pages_check(__FUNCTION__, page + i);
        list_add(&page->lru, &list);
        kernel_map_pages(page, 1<<order, 0);
        free_pages_bulk(page_zone(page), 1, &list, order);
}


/*
 * The order of subdivision here is critical for the IO subsystem.
 * Please do not alter this order without good reasons and regression
 * testing. Specifically, as large blocks of memory are subdivided,
 * the order in which smaller blocks are delivered depends on the order
 * they're subdivided in this function. This is the primary factor
 * influencing the order in which pages are delivered to the IO
 * subsystem according to empirical testing, and this is also justified
 * by considering the behavior of a buddy system containing a single
 * large block of memory acted on by a series of small allocations.
 * This behavior is a critical factor in sglist merging's success.
 *
 * -- wli
 */
static inline struct page *
expand(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
        int low, int high, struct free_area *area)
{
        unsigned long size = 1 << high;

        while (high > low) {
                area--;
                high--;
                size >>= 1;
                BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, &page[size]));
                list_add(&page[size].lru, &area->free_list);
                area->nr_free++;
                set_page_order(&page[size], high);
        }
        return page;
}

void set_page_refs(struct page *page, int order)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
        set_page_count(page, 1);
#else
        int i;

        /*
         * We need to reference all the pages for this order, otherwise if
         * anyone accesses one of the pages with (get/put) it will be freed.
         * - eg: access_process_vm()
         */
        for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++)
                set_page_count(page + i, 1);
#endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
}

/*
 * This page is about to be returned from the page allocator
 */
static void prep_new_page(struct page *page, int order)
{
        if (page->mapping || page_mapcount(page) ||
            (page->flags & (
                        1 << PG_private |
                        1 << PG_locked  |
                        1 << PG_lru     |
                        1 << PG_active  |
                        1 << PG_dirty   |
                        1 << PG_reclaim |
                        1 << PG_swapcache |
                        1 << PG_writeback )))
                bad_page(__FUNCTION__, page);

        page->flags &= ~(1 << PG_uptodate | 1 << PG_error |
                        1 << PG_referenced | 1 << PG_arch_1 |
                        1 << PG_checked | 1 << PG_mappedtodisk);
        page->private = 0;
        set_page_refs(page, order);
        kernel_map_pages(page, 1 << order, 1);
}

/* 
 * Do the hard work of removing an element from the buddy allocator.
 * Call me with the zone->lock already held.
 */
static struct page *__rmqueue(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order)
{
        struct free_area * area;
        unsigned int current_order;
        struct page *page;

        for (current_order = order; current_order < MAX_ORDER; ++current_order) {
                area = zone->free_area + current_order;
                if (list_empty(&area->free_list))
                        continue;

                page = list_entry(area->free_list.next, struct page, lru);
                list_del(&page->lru);
                rmv_page_order(page);
                area->nr_free--;
                zone->free_pages -= 1UL << order;
                return expand(zone, page, order, current_order, area);
        }

        return NULL;
}

/* 
 * Obtain a specified number of elements from the buddy allocator, all under
 * a single hold of the lock, for efficiency.  Add them to the supplied list.
 * Returns the number of new pages which were placed at *list.
 */
static int rmqueue_bulk(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order, 
                        unsigned long count, struct list_head *list)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        int i;
        int allocated = 0;
        struct page *page;
        
        spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
        for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
                page = __rmqueue(zone, order);
                if (page == NULL)
                        break;
                allocated++;
                list_add_tail(&page->lru, list);
        }
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
        return allocated;
}

#if defined(CONFIG_PM) || defined(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU)
static void __drain_pages(unsigned int cpu)
{
        struct zone *zone;
        int i;

        for_each_zone(zone) {
                struct per_cpu_pageset *pset;

                pset = &zone->pageset[cpu];
                for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pset->pcp); i++) {
                        struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

                        pcp = &pset->pcp[i];
                        pcp->count -= free_pages_bulk(zone, pcp->count,
                                                &pcp->list, 0);
                }
        }
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PM || CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */

#ifdef CONFIG_PM

void mark_free_pages(struct zone *zone)
{
        unsigned long zone_pfn, flags;
        int order;
        struct list_head *curr;

        if (!zone->spanned_pages)
                return;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
        for (zone_pfn = 0; zone_pfn < zone->spanned_pages; ++zone_pfn)
                ClearPageNosaveFree(pfn_to_page(zone_pfn + zone->zone_start_pfn));

        for (order = MAX_ORDER - 1; order >= 0; --order)
                list_for_each(curr, &zone->free_area[order].free_list) {
                        unsigned long start_pfn, i;

                        start_pfn = page_to_pfn(list_entry(curr, struct page, lru));

                        for (i=0; i < (1<<order); i++)
                                SetPageNosaveFree(pfn_to_page(start_pfn+i));
        }
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
}

/*
 * Spill all of this CPU's per-cpu pages back into the buddy allocator.
 */
void drain_local_pages(void)
{
        unsigned long flags;

        local_irq_save(flags);  
        __drain_pages(smp_processor_id());
        local_irq_restore(flags);       
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PM */

static void zone_statistics(struct zonelist *zonelist, struct zone *z)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
        unsigned long flags;
        int cpu;
        pg_data_t *pg = z->zone_pgdat;
        pg_data_t *orig = zonelist->zones[0]->zone_pgdat;
        struct per_cpu_pageset *p;

        local_irq_save(flags);
        cpu = smp_processor_id();
        p = &z->pageset[cpu];
        if (pg == orig) {
                z->pageset[cpu].numa_hit++;
        } else {
                p->numa_miss++;
                zonelist->zones[0]->pageset[cpu].numa_foreign++;
        }
        if (pg == NODE_DATA(numa_node_id()))
                p->local_node++;
        else
                p->other_node++;
        local_irq_restore(flags);
#endif
}

/*
 * Free a 0-order page
 */
static void FASTCALL(free_hot_cold_page(struct page *page, int cold));
static void fastcall free_hot_cold_page(struct page *page, int cold)
{
        struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
        struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;
        unsigned long flags;

        arch_free_page(page, 0);

        kernel_map_pages(page, 1, 0);
        inc_page_state(pgfree);
        if (PageAnon(page))
                page->mapping = NULL;
        free_pages_check(__FUNCTION__, page);
        pcp = &zone->pageset[get_cpu()].pcp[cold];
        local_irq_save(flags);
        if (pcp->count >= pcp->high)
                pcp->count -= free_pages_bulk(zone, pcp->batch, &pcp->list, 0);
        list_add(&page->lru, &pcp->list);
        pcp->count++;
        local_irq_restore(flags);
        put_cpu();
}

void fastcall free_hot_page(struct page *page)
{
        free_hot_cold_page(page, 0);
}
        
void fastcall free_cold_page(struct page *page)
{
        free_hot_cold_page(page, 1);
}

static inline void prep_zero_page(struct page *page, int order, unsigned int __nocast gfp_flags)
{
        int i;

        BUG_ON((gfp_flags & (__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_HIGHMEM)) == __GFP_HIGHMEM);
        for(i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++)
                clear_highpage(page + i);
}

/*
 * Really, prep_compound_page() should be called from __rmqueue_bulk().  But
 * we cheat by calling it from here, in the order > 0 path.  Saves a branch
 * or two.
 */
static struct page *
buffered_rmqueue(struct zone *zone, int order, unsigned int __nocast gfp_flags)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct page *page = NULL;
        int cold = !!(gfp_flags & __GFP_COLD);

        if (order == 0) {
                struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

                pcp = &zone->pageset[get_cpu()].pcp[cold];
                local_irq_save(flags);
                if (pcp->count <= pcp->low)
                        pcp->count += rmqueue_bulk(zone, 0,
                                                pcp->batch, &pcp->list);
                if (pcp->count) {
                        page = list_entry(pcp->list.next, struct page, lru);
                        list_del(&page->lru);
                        pcp->count--;
                }
                local_irq_restore(flags);
                put_cpu();
        }

        if (page == NULL) {
                spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
                page = __rmqueue(zone, order);
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
        }

        if (page != NULL) {
                BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, page));
                mod_page_state_zone(zone, pgalloc, 1 << order);
                prep_new_page(page, order);

                if (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO)
                        prep_zero_page(page, order, gfp_flags);

                if (order && (gfp_flags & __GFP_COMP))
                        prep_compound_page(page, order);
        }
        return page;
}

/*
 * Return 1 if free pages are above 'mark'. This takes into account the order
 * of the allocation.
 */
int zone_watermark_ok(struct zone *z, int order, unsigned long mark,
                      int classzone_idx, int can_try_harder, int gfp_high)
{
        /* free_pages my go negative - that's OK */
        long min = mark, free_pages = z->free_pages - (1 << order) + 1;
        int o;

        if (gfp_high)
                min -= min / 2;
        if (can_try_harder)
                min -= min / 4;

        if (free_pages <= min + z->lowmem_reserve[classzone_idx])
                return 0;
        for (o = 0; o < order; o++) {
                /* At the next order, this order's pages become unavailable */
                free_pages -= z->free_area[o].nr_free << o;

                /* Require fewer higher order pages to be free */
                min >>= 1;

                if (free_pages <= min)
                        return 0;
        }
        return 1;
}

/*
 * This is the 'heart' of the zoned buddy allocator.
 */
struct page * fastcall
__alloc_pages(unsigned int __nocast gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
                struct zonelist *zonelist)
{
        const int wait = gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT;
        struct zone **zones, *z;
        struct page *page;
        struct reclaim_state reclaim_state;
        struct task_struct *p = current;
        int i;
        int classzone_idx;
        int do_retry;
        int can_try_harder;
        int did_some_progress;

        might_sleep_if(wait);

        /*
         * The caller may dip into page reserves a bit more if the caller
         * cannot run direct reclaim, or is the caller has realtime scheduling
         * policy
         */
        can_try_harder = (unlikely(rt_task(p)) && !in_interrupt()) || !wait;

        zones = zonelist->zones;  /* the list of zones suitable for gfp_mask */

        if (unlikely(zones[0] == NULL)) {
                /* Should this ever happen?? */
                return NULL;
        }

        classzone_idx = zone_idx(zones[0]);

 restart:
        /* Go through the zonelist once, looking for a zone with enough free */
        for (i = 0; (z = zones[i]) != NULL; i++) {

                if (!zone_watermark_ok(z, order, z->pages_low,
                                       classzone_idx, 0, 0))
                        continue;

                if (!cpuset_zone_allowed(z))
                        continue;

                page = buffered_rmqueue(z, order, gfp_mask);
                if (page)
                        goto got_pg;
        }

        for (i = 0; (z = zones[i]) != NULL; i++)
                wakeup_kswapd(z, order);

        /*
         * Go through the zonelist again. Let __GFP_HIGH and allocations
         * coming from realtime tasks to go deeper into reserves
         *
         * This is the last chance, in general, before the goto nopage.
         * Ignore cpuset if GFP_ATOMIC (!wait) rather than fail alloc.
         */
        for (i = 0; (z = zones[i]) != NULL; i++) {
                if (!zone_watermark_ok(z, order, z->pages_min,
                                       classzone_idx, can_try_harder,
                                       gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGH))
                        continue;

                if (wait && !cpuset_zone_allowed(z))
                        continue;

                page = buffered_rmqueue(z, order, gfp_mask);
                if (page)
                        goto got_pg;
        }

        /* This allocation should allow future memory freeing. */

        if (((p->flags & PF_MEMALLOC) || unlikely(test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE)))
                        && !in_interrupt()) {
                if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOMEMALLOC)) {
                        /* go through the zonelist yet again, ignoring mins */
                        for (i = 0; (z = zones[i]) != NULL; i++) {
                                if (!cpuset_zone_allowed(z))
                                        continue;
                                page = buffered_rmqueue(z, order, gfp_mask);
                                if (page)
                                        goto got_pg;
                        }
                }
                goto nopage;
        }

        /* Atomic allocations - we can't balance anything */
        if (!wait)
                goto nopage;

rebalance:
        cond_resched();

        /* We now go into synchronous reclaim */
        p->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC;
        reclaim_state.reclaimed_slab = 0;
        p->reclaim_state = &reclaim_state;

        did_some_progress = try_to_free_pages(zones, gfp_mask, order);

        p->reclaim_state = NULL;
        p->flags &= ~PF_MEMALLOC;

        cond_resched();

        if (likely(did_some_progress)) {
                /*
                 * Go through the zonelist yet one more time, keep
                 * very high watermark here, this is only to catch
                 * a parallel oom killing, we must fail if we're still
                 * under heavy pressure.
                 */
                for (i = 0; (z = zones[i]) != NULL; i++) {
                        if (!zone_watermark_ok(z, order, z->pages_min,
                                               classzone_idx, can_try_harder,
                                               gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGH))
                                continue;

                        if (!cpuset_zone_allowed(z))
                                continue;

                        page = buffered_rmqueue(z, order, gfp_mask);
                        if (page)
                                goto got_pg;
                }
        } else if ((gfp_mask & __GFP_FS) && !(gfp_mask & __GFP_NORETRY)) {
                /*
                 * Go through the zonelist yet one more time, keep
                 * very high watermark here, this is only to catch
                 * a parallel oom killing, we must fail if we're still
                 * under heavy pressure.
                 */
                for (i = 0; (z = zones[i]) != NULL; i++) {
                        if (!zone_watermark_ok(z, order, z->pages_high,
                                               classzone_idx, 0, 0))
                                continue;

                        if (!cpuset_zone_allowed(z))
                                continue;

                        page = buffered_rmqueue(z, order, gfp_mask);
                        if (page)
                                goto got_pg;
                }

                out_of_memory(gfp_mask);
                goto restart;
        }

        /*
         * Don't let big-order allocations loop unless the caller explicitly
         * requests that.  Wait for some write requests to complete then retry.
         *
         * In this implementation, __GFP_REPEAT means __GFP_NOFAIL for order
         * <= 3, but that may not be true in other implementations.
         */
        do_retry = 0;
        if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NORETRY)) {
                if ((order <= 3) || (gfp_mask & __GFP_REPEAT))
                        do_retry = 1;
                if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)
                        do_retry = 1;
        }
        if (do_retry) {
                blk_congestion_wait(WRITE, HZ/50);
                goto rebalance;
        }

nopage:
        if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOWARN) && printk_ratelimit()) {
                printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: page allocation failure."
                        " order:%d, mode:0x%x\n",
                        p->comm, order, gfp_mask);
                dump_stack();
        }
        return NULL;
got_pg:
        zone_statistics(zonelist, z);
        return page;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__alloc_pages);

/*
 * Common helper functions.
 */
fastcall unsigned long __get_free_pages(unsigned int __nocast gfp_mask, unsigned int order)
{
        struct page * page;
        page = alloc_pages(gfp_mask, order);
        if (!page)
                return 0;
        return (unsigned long) page_address(page);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__get_free_pages);

fastcall unsigned long get_zeroed_page(unsigned int __nocast gfp_mask)
{
        struct page * page;

        /*
         * get_zeroed_page() returns a 32-bit address, which cannot represent
         * a highmem page
         */
        BUG_ON(gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGHMEM);

        page = alloc_pages(gfp_mask | __GFP_ZERO, 0);
        if (page)
                return (unsigned long) page_address(page);
        return 0;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_zeroed_page);

void __pagevec_free(struct pagevec *pvec)
{
        int i = pagevec_count(pvec);

        while (--i >= 0)
                free_hot_cold_page(pvec->pages[i], pvec->cold);
}

fastcall void __free_pages(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
        if (!PageReserved(page) && put_page_testzero(page)) {
                if (order == 0)
                        free_hot_page(page);
                else
                        __free_pages_ok(page, order);
        }
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__free_pages);

fastcall void free_pages(unsigned long addr, unsigned int order)
{
        if (addr != 0) {
                BUG_ON(!virt_addr_valid((void *)addr));
                __free_pages(virt_to_page((void *)addr), order);
        }
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_pages);

/*
 * Total amount of free (allocatable) RAM:
 */
unsigned int nr_free_pages(void)
{
        unsigned int sum = 0;
        struct zone *zone;

        for_each_zone(zone)
                sum += zone->free_pages;

        return sum;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_free_pages);

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
unsigned int nr_free_pages_pgdat(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
        unsigned int i, sum = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++)
                sum += pgdat->node_zones[i].free_pages;

        return sum;
}
#endif

static unsigned int nr_free_zone_pages(int offset)
{
        pg_data_t *pgdat;
        unsigned int sum = 0;

        for_each_pgdat(pgdat) {
                struct zonelist *zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + offset;
                struct zone **zonep = zonelist->zones;
                struct zone *zone;

                for (zone = *zonep++; zone; zone = *zonep++) {
                        unsigned long size = zone->present_pages;
                        unsigned long high = zone->pages_high;
                        if (size > high)
                                sum += size - high;
                }
        }

        return sum;
}

/*
 * Amount of free RAM allocatable within ZONE_DMA and ZONE_NORMAL
 */
unsigned int nr_free_buffer_pages(void)
{
        return nr_free_zone_pages(GFP_USER & GFP_ZONEMASK);
}

/*
 * Amount of free RAM allocatable within all zones
 */
unsigned int nr_free_pagecache_pages(void)
{
        return nr_free_zone_pages(GFP_HIGHUSER & GFP_ZONEMASK);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
unsigned int nr_free_highpages (void)
{
        pg_data_t *pgdat;
        unsigned int pages = 0;

        for_each_pgdat(pgdat)
                pages += pgdat->node_zones[ZONE_HIGHMEM].free_pages;

        return pages;
}
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
static void show_node(struct zone *zone)
{
        printk("Node %d ", zone->zone_pgdat->node_id);
}
#else
#define show_node(zone) do { } while (0)
#endif

/*
 * Accumulate the page_state information across all CPUs.
 * The result is unavoidably approximate - it can change
 * during and after execution of this function.
 */
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct page_state, page_states) = {0};

atomic_t nr_pagecache = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_pagecache);
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
DEFINE_PER_CPU(long, nr_pagecache_local) = 0;
#endif

void __get_page_state(struct page_state *ret, int nr)
{
        int cpu = 0;

        memset(ret, 0, sizeof(*ret));

        cpu = first_cpu(cpu_online_map);
        while (cpu < NR_CPUS) {
                unsigned long *in, *out, off;

                in = (unsigned long *)&per_cpu(page_states, cpu);

                cpu = next_cpu(cpu, cpu_online_map);

                if (cpu < NR_CPUS)
                        prefetch(&per_cpu(page_states, cpu));

                out = (unsigned long *)ret;
                for (off = 0; off < nr; off++)
                        *out++ += *in++;
        }
}

void get_page_state(struct page_state *ret)
{
        int nr;

        nr = offsetof(struct page_state, GET_PAGE_STATE_LAST);
        nr /= sizeof(unsigned long);

        __get_page_state(ret, nr + 1);
}

void get_full_page_state(struct page_state *ret)
{
        __get_page_state(ret, sizeof(*ret) / sizeof(unsigned long));
}

unsigned long __read_page_state(unsigned offset)
{
        unsigned long ret = 0;
        int cpu;

        for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
                unsigned long in;

                in = (unsigned long)&per_cpu(page_states, cpu) + offset;
                ret += *((unsigned long *)in);
        }
        return ret;
}

void __mod_page_state(unsigned offset, unsigned long delta)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        void* ptr;

        local_irq_save(flags);
        ptr = &__get_cpu_var(page_states);
        *(unsigned long*)(ptr + offset) += delta;
        local_irq_restore(flags);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mod_page_state);

void __get_zone_counts(unsigned long *active, unsigned long *inactive,
                        unsigned long *free, struct pglist_data *pgdat)
{
        struct zone *zones = pgdat->node_zones;
        int i;

        *active = 0;
        *inactive = 0;
        *free = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
                *active += zones[i].nr_active;
                *inactive += zones[i].nr_inactive;
                *free += zones[i].free_pages;
        }
}

void get_zone_counts(unsigned long *active,
                unsigned long *inactive, unsigned long *free)
{
        struct pglist_data *pgdat;

        *active = 0;
        *inactive = 0;
        *free = 0;
        for_each_pgdat(pgdat) {
                unsigned long l, m, n;
                __get_zone_counts(&l, &m, &n, pgdat);
                *active += l;
                *inactive += m;
                *free += n;
        }
}

void si_meminfo(struct sysinfo *val)
{
        val->totalram = totalram_pages;
        val->sharedram = 0;
        val->freeram = nr_free_pages();
        val->bufferram = nr_blockdev_pages();
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
        val->totalhigh = totalhigh_pages;
        val->freehigh = nr_free_highpages();
#else
        val->totalhigh = 0;
        val->freehigh = 0;
#endif
        val->mem_unit = PAGE_SIZE;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(si_meminfo);

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
void si_meminfo_node(struct sysinfo *val, int nid)
{
        pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);

        val->totalram = pgdat->node_present_pages;
        val->freeram = nr_free_pages_pgdat(pgdat);
        val->totalhigh = pgdat->node_zones[ZONE_HIGHMEM].present_pages;
        val->freehigh = pgdat->node_zones[ZONE_HIGHMEM].free_pages;
        val->mem_unit = PAGE_SIZE;
}
#endif

#define K(x) ((x) << (PAGE_SHIFT-10))

/*
 * Show free area list (used inside shift_scroll-lock stuff)
 * We also calculate the percentage fragmentation. We do this by counting the
 * memory on each free list with the exception of the first item on the list.
 */
void show_free_areas(void)
{
        struct page_state ps;
        int cpu, temperature;
        unsigned long active;
        unsigned long inactive;
        unsigned long free;
        struct zone *zone;

        for_each_zone(zone) {
                show_node(zone);
                printk("%s per-cpu:", zone->name);

                if (!zone->present_pages) {
                        printk(" empty\n");
                        continue;
                } else
                        printk("\n");

                for (cpu = 0; cpu < NR_CPUS; ++cpu) {
                        struct per_cpu_pageset *pageset;

                        if (!cpu_possible(cpu))
                                continue;

                        pageset = zone->pageset + cpu;

                        for (temperature = 0; temperature < 2; temperature++)
                                printk("cpu %d %s: low %d, high %d, batch %d\n",
                                        cpu,
                                        temperature ? "cold" : "hot",
                                        pageset->pcp[temperature].low,
                                        pageset->pcp[temperature].high,
                                        pageset->pcp[temperature].batch);
                }
        }

        get_page_state(&ps);
        get_zone_counts(&active, &inactive, &free);

        printk("\nFree pages: %11ukB (%ukB HighMem)\n",
                K(nr_free_pages()),
                K(nr_free_highpages()));

        printk("Active:%lu inactive:%lu dirty:%lu writeback:%lu "
                "unstable:%lu free:%u slab:%lu mapped:%lu pagetables:%lu\n",
                active,
                inactive,
                ps.nr_dirty,
                ps.nr_writeback,
                ps.nr_unstable,
                nr_free_pages(),
                ps.nr_slab,
                ps.nr_mapped,
                ps.nr_page_table_pages);

        for_each_zone(zone) {
                int i;

                show_node(zone);
                printk("%s"
                        " free:%lukB"
                        " min:%lukB"
                        " low:%lukB"
                        " high:%lukB"
                        " active:%lukB"
                        " inactive:%lukB"
                        " present:%lukB"
                        " pages_scanned:%lu"
                        " all_unreclaimable? %s"
                        "\n",
                        zone->name,
                        K(zone->free_pages),
                        K(zone->pages_min),
                        K(zone->pages_low),
                        K(zone->pages_high),
                        K(zone->nr_active),
                        K(zone->nr_inactive),
                        K(zone->present_pages),
                        zone->pages_scanned,
                        (zone->all_unreclaimable ? "yes" : "no")
                        );
                printk("lowmem_reserve[]:");
                for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++)
                        printk(" %lu", zone->lowmem_reserve[i]);
                printk("\n");
        }

        for_each_zone(zone) {
                unsigned long nr, flags, order, total = 0;

                show_node(zone);
                printk("%s: ", zone->name);
                if (!zone->present_pages) {
                        printk("empty\n");
                        continue;
                }

                spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
                for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) {
                        nr = zone->free_area[order].nr_free;
                        total += nr << order;
                        printk("%lu*%lukB ", nr, K(1UL) << order);
                }
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
                printk("= %lukB\n", K(total));
        }

        show_swap_cache_info();
}

/*
 * Builds allocation fallback zone lists.
 */
static int __init build_zonelists_node(pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zonelist *zonelist, int j, int k)
{
        switch (k) {
                struct zone *zone;
        default:
                BUG();
        case ZONE_HIGHMEM:
                zone = pgdat->node_zones + ZONE_HIGHMEM;
                if (zone->present_pages) {
#ifndef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
                        BUG();
#endif
                        zonelist->zones[j++] = zone;
                }
        case ZONE_NORMAL:
                zone = pgdat->node_zones + ZONE_NORMAL;
                if (zone->present_pages)
                        zonelist->zones[j++] = zone;
        case ZONE_DMA:
                zone = pgdat->node_zones + ZONE_DMA;
                if (zone->present_pages)
                        zonelist->zones[j++] = zone;
        }

        return j;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
#define MAX_NODE_LOAD (num_online_nodes())
static int __initdata node_load[MAX_NUMNODES];
/**
 * find_next_best_node - find the next node that should appear in a given node's fallback list
 * @node: node whose fallback list we're appending
 * @used_node_mask: nodemask_t of already used nodes
 *
 * We use a number of factors to determine which is the next node that should
 * appear on a given node's fallback list.  The node should not have appeared
 * already in @node's fallback list, and it should be the next closest node
 * according to the distance array (which contains arbitrary distance values
 * from each node to each node in the system), and should also prefer nodes
 * with no CPUs, since presumably they'll have very little allocation pressure
 * on them otherwise.
 * It returns -1 if no node is found.
 */
static int __init find_next_best_node(int node, nodemask_t *used_node_mask)
{
        int i, n, val;
        int min_val = INT_MAX;
        int best_node = -1;

        for_each_online_node(i) {
                cpumask_t tmp;

                /* Start from local node */
                n = (node+i) % num_online_nodes();

                /* Don't want a node to appear more than once */
                if (node_isset(n, *used_node_mask))
                        continue;

                /* Use the local node if we haven't already */
                if (!node_isset(node, *used_node_mask)) {
                        best_node = node;
                        break;
                }

                /* Use the distance array to find the distance */
                val = node_distance(node, n);

                /* Give preference to headless and unused nodes */
                tmp = node_to_cpumask(n);
                if (!cpus_empty(tmp))
                        val += PENALTY_FOR_NODE_WITH_CPUS;

                /* Slight preference for less loaded node */
                val *= (MAX_NODE_LOAD*MAX_NUMNODES);
                val += node_load[n];

                if (val < min_val) {
                        min_val = val;
                        best_node = n;
                }
        }

        if (best_node >= 0)
                node_set(best_node, *used_node_mask);

        return best_node;
}

static void __init build_zonelists(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
        int i, j, k, node, local_node;
        int prev_node, load;
        struct zonelist *zonelist;
        nodemask_t used_mask;

        /* initialize zonelists */
        for (i = 0; i < GFP_ZONETYPES; i++) {
                zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + i;
                zonelist->zones[0] = NULL;
        }

        /* NUMA-aware ordering of nodes */
        local_node = pgdat->node_id;
        load = num_online_nodes();
        prev_node = local_node;
        nodes_clear(used_mask);
        while ((node = find_next_best_node(local_node, &used_mask)) >= 0) {
                /*
                 * We don't want to pressure a particular node.
                 * So adding penalty to the first node in same
                 * distance group to make it round-robin.
                 */
                if (node_distance(local_node, node) !=
                                node_distance(local_node, prev_node))
                        node_load[node] += load;
                prev_node = node;
                load--;
                for (i = 0; i < GFP_ZONETYPES; i++) {
                        zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + i;
                        for (j = 0; zonelist->zones[j] != NULL; j++);

                        k = ZONE_NORMAL;
                        if (i & __GFP_HIGHMEM)
                                k = ZONE_HIGHMEM;
                        if (i & __GFP_DMA)
                                k = ZONE_DMA;

                        j = build_zonelists_node(NODE_DATA(node), zonelist, j, k);
                        zonelist->zones[j] = NULL;
                }
        }
}

#else   /* CONFIG_NUMA */

static void __init build_zonelists(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
        int i, j, k, node, local_node;

        local_node = pgdat->node_id;
        for (i = 0; i < GFP_ZONETYPES; i++) {
                struct zonelist *zonelist;

                zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + i;

                j = 0;
                k = ZONE_NORMAL;
                if (i & __GFP_HIGHMEM)
                        k = ZONE_HIGHMEM;
                if (i & __GFP_DMA)
                        k = ZONE_DMA;

                j = build_zonelists_node(pgdat, zonelist, j, k);
                /*
                 * Now we build the zonelist so that it contains the zones
                 * of all the other nodes.
                 * We don't want to pressure a particular node, so when
                 * building the zones for node N, we make sure that the
                 * zones coming right after the local ones are those from
                 * node N+1 (modulo N)
                 */
                for (node = local_node + 1; node < MAX_NUMNODES; node++) {
                        if (!node_online(node))
                                continue;
                        j = build_zonelists_node(NODE_DATA(node), zonelist, j, k);
                }
                for (node = 0; node < local_node; node++) {
                        if (!node_online(node))
                                continue;
                        j = build_zonelists_node(NODE_DATA(node), zonelist, j, k);
                }

                zonelist->zones[j] = NULL;
        }
}

#endif  /* CONFIG_NUMA */

void __init build_all_zonelists(void)
{
        int i;

        for_each_online_node(i)
                build_zonelists(NODE_DATA(i));
        printk("Built %i zonelists\n", num_online_nodes());
        cpuset_init_current_mems_allowed();
}

/*
 * Helper functions to size the waitqueue hash table.
 * Essentially these want to choose hash table sizes sufficiently
 * large so that collisions trying to wait on pages are rare.
 * But in fact, the number of active page waitqueues on typical
 * systems is ridiculously low, less than 200. So this is even
 * conservative, even though it seems large.
 *
 * The constant PAGES_PER_WAITQUEUE specifies the ratio of pages to
 * waitqueues, i.e. the size of the waitq table given the number of pages.
 */
#define PAGES_PER_WAITQUEUE     256

static inline unsigned long wait_table_size(unsigned long pages)
{
        unsigned long size = 1;

        pages /= PAGES_PER_WAITQUEUE;

        while (size < pages)
                size <<= 1;

        /*
         * Once we have dozens or even hundreds of threads sleeping
         * on IO we've got bigger problems than wait queue collision.
         * Limit the size of the wait table to a reasonable size.
         */
        size = min(size, 4096UL);

        return max(size, 4UL);
}

/*
 * This is an integer logarithm so that shifts can be used later
 * to extract the more random high bits from the multiplicative
 * hash function before the remainder is taken.
 */
static inline unsigned long wait_table_bits(unsigned long size)
{
        return ffz(~size);
}

#define LONG_ALIGN(x) (((x)+(sizeof(long))-1)&~((sizeof(long))-1))

static void __init calculate_zone_totalpages(struct pglist_data *pgdat,
                unsigned long *zones_size, unsigned long *zholes_size)
{
        unsigned long realtotalpages, totalpages = 0;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++)
                totalpages += zones_size[i];
        pgdat->node_spanned_pages = totalpages;

        realtotalpages = totalpages;
        if (zholes_size)
                for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++)
                        realtotalpages -= zholes_size[i];
        pgdat->node_present_pages = realtotalpages;
        printk(KERN_DEBUG "On node %d totalpages: %lu\n", pgdat->node_id, realtotalpages);
}


/*
 * Initially all pages are reserved - free ones are freed
 * up by free_all_bootmem() once the early boot process is
 * done. Non-atomic initialization, single-pass.
 */
void __init memmap_init_zone(unsigned long size, int nid, unsigned long zone,
                unsigned long start_pfn)
{
        struct page *start = pfn_to_page(start_pfn);
        struct page *page;

        for (page = start; page < (start + size); page++) {
                set_page_zone(page, NODEZONE(nid, zone));
                set_page_count(page, 0);
                reset_page_mapcount(page);
                SetPageReserved(page);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
#ifdef WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL
                /* The shift won't overflow because ZONE_NORMAL is below 4G. */
                if (!is_highmem_idx(zone))
                        set_page_address(page, __va(start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT));
#endif
                start_pfn++;
        }
}

void zone_init_free_lists(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct zone *zone,
                                unsigned long size)
{
        int order;
        for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER ; order++) {
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zone->free_area[order].free_list);
                zone->free_area[order].nr_free = 0;
        }
}

#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MEMMAP_INIT
#define memmap_init(size, nid, zone, start_pfn) \
        memmap_init_zone((size), (nid), (zone), (start_pfn))
#endif

/*
 * Set up the zone data structures:
 *   - mark all pages reserved
 *   - mark all memory queues empty
 *   - clear the memory bitmaps
 */
static void __init free_area_init_core(struct pglist_data *pgdat,
                unsigned long *zones_size, unsigned long *zholes_size)
{
        unsigned long i, j;
        const unsigned long zone_required_alignment = 1UL << (MAX_ORDER-1);
        int cpu, nid = pgdat->node_id;
        unsigned long zone_start_pfn = pgdat->node_start_pfn;

        pgdat->nr_zones = 0;
        init_waitqueue_head(&pgdat->kswapd_wait);
        pgdat->kswapd_max_order = 0;
        
        for (j = 0; j < MAX_NR_ZONES; j++) {
                struct zone *zone = pgdat->node_zones + j;
                unsigned long size, realsize;
                unsigned long batch;

                zone_table[NODEZONE(nid, j)] = zone;
                realsize = size = zones_size[j];
                if (zholes_size)
                        realsize -= zholes_size[j];

                if (j == ZONE_DMA || j == ZONE_NORMAL)
                        nr_kernel_pages += realsize;
                nr_all_pages += realsize;

                zone->spanned_pages = size;
                zone->present_pages = realsize;
                zone->name = zone_names[j];
                spin_lock_init(&zone->lock);
                spin_lock_init(&zone->lru_lock);
                zone->zone_pgdat = pgdat;
                zone->free_pages = 0;

                zone->temp_priority = zone->prev_priority = DEF_PRIORITY;

                /*
                 * The per-cpu-pages pools are set to around 1000th of the
                 * size of the zone.  But no more than 1/4 of a meg - there's
                 * no point in going beyond the size of L2 cache.
                 *
                 * OK, so we don't know how big the cache is.  So guess.
                 */
                batch = zone->present_pages / 1024;
                if (batch * PAGE_SIZE > 256 * 1024)
                        batch = (256 * 1024) / PAGE_SIZE;
                batch /= 4;             /* We effectively *= 4 below */
                if (batch < 1)
                        batch = 1;

                /*
                 * Clamp the batch to a 2^n - 1 value. Having a power
                 * of 2 value was found to be more likely to have
                 * suboptimal cache aliasing properties in some cases.
                 *
                 * For example if 2 tasks are alternately allocating
                 * batches of pages, one task can end up with a lot
                 * of pages of one half of the possible page colors
                 * and the other with pages of the other colors.
                 */
                batch = (1 << fls(batch + batch/2)) - 1;

                for (cpu = 0; cpu < NR_CPUS; cpu++) {
                        struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

                        pcp = &zone->pageset[cpu].pcp[0];       /* hot */
                        pcp->count = 0;
                        pcp->low = 2 * batch;
                        pcp->high = 6 * batch;
                        pcp->batch = 1 * batch;
                        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pcp->list);

                        pcp = &zone->pageset[cpu].pcp[1];       /* cold */
                        pcp->count = 0;
                        pcp->low = 0;
                        pcp->high = 2 * batch;
                        pcp->batch = 1 * batch;
                        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pcp->list);
                }
                printk(KERN_DEBUG "  %s zone: %lu pages, LIFO batch:%lu\n",
                                zone_names[j], realsize, batch);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zone->active_list);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zone->inactive_list);
                zone->nr_scan_active = 0;
                zone->nr_scan_inactive = 0;
                zone->nr_active = 0;
                zone->nr_inactive = 0;
                if (!size)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * The per-page waitqueue mechanism uses hashed waitqueues
                 * per zone.
                 */
                zone->wait_table_size = wait_table_size(size);
                zone->wait_table_bits =
                        wait_table_bits(zone->wait_table_size);
                zone->wait_table = (wait_queue_head_t *)
                        alloc_bootmem_node(pgdat, zone->wait_table_size
                                                * sizeof(wait_queue_head_t));

                for(i = 0; i < zone->wait_table_size; ++i)
                        init_waitqueue_head(zone->wait_table + i);

                pgdat->nr_zones = j+1;

                zone->zone_mem_map = pfn_to_page(zone_start_pfn);
                zone->zone_start_pfn = zone_start_pfn;

                if ((zone_start_pfn) & (zone_required_alignment-1))
                        printk(KERN_CRIT "BUG: wrong zone alignment, it will crash\n");

                memmap_init(size, nid, j, zone_start_pfn);

                zone_start_pfn += size;

                zone_init_free_lists(pgdat, zone, zone->spanned_pages);
        }
}

static void __init alloc_node_mem_map(struct pglist_data *pgdat)
{
        unsigned long size;

        /* Skip empty nodes */
        if (!pgdat->node_spanned_pages)
                return;

        /* ia64 gets its own node_mem_map, before this, without bootmem */
        if (!pgdat->node_mem_map) {
                size = (pgdat->node_spanned_pages + 1) * sizeof(struct page);
                pgdat->node_mem_map = alloc_bootmem_node(pgdat, size);
        }
#ifndef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM
        /*
         * With no DISCONTIG, the global mem_map is just set as node 0's
         */
        if (pgdat == NODE_DATA(0))
                mem_map = NODE_DATA(0)->node_mem_map;
#endif
}

void __init free_area_init_node(int nid, struct pglist_data *pgdat,
                unsigned long *zones_size, unsigned long node_start_pfn,
                unsigned long *zholes_size)
{
        pgdat->node_id = nid;
        pgdat->node_start_pfn = node_start_pfn;
        calculate_zone_totalpages(pgdat, zones_size, zholes_size);

        alloc_node_mem_map(pgdat);

        free_area_init_core(pgdat, zones_size, zholes_size);
}

#ifndef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM
static bootmem_data_t contig_bootmem_data;
struct pglist_data contig_page_data = { .bdata = &contig_bootmem_data };

EXPORT_SYMBOL(contig_page_data);

void __init free_area_init(unsigned long *zones_size)
{
        free_area_init_node(0, &contig_page_data, zones_size,
                        __pa(PAGE_OFFSET) >> PAGE_SHIFT, NULL);
}
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS

#include <linux/seq_file.h>

static void *frag_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
{
        pg_data_t *pgdat;
        loff_t node = *pos;

        for (pgdat = pgdat_list; pgdat && node; pgdat = pgdat->pgdat_next)
                --node;

        return pgdat;
}

static void *frag_next(struct seq_file *m, void *arg, loff_t *pos)
{
        pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;

        (*pos)++;
        return pgdat->pgdat_next;
}

static void frag_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
{
}

/* 
 * This walks the free areas for each zone.
 */
static int frag_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
{
        pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
        struct zone *zone;
        struct zone *node_zones = pgdat->node_zones;
        unsigned long flags;
        int order;

        for (zone = node_zones; zone - node_zones < MAX_NR_ZONES; ++zone) {
                if (!zone->present_pages)
                        continue;

                spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
                seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s ", pgdat->node_id, zone->name);
                for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; ++order)
                        seq_printf(m, "%6lu ", zone->free_area[order].nr_free);
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
                seq_putc(m, '\n');
        }
        return 0;
}

struct seq_operations fragmentation_op = {
        .start  = frag_start,
        .next   = frag_next,
        .stop   = frag_stop,
        .show   = frag_show,
};

static char *vmstat_text[] = {
        "nr_dirty",
        "nr_writeback",
        "nr_unstable",
        "nr_page_table_pages",
        "nr_mapped",
        "nr_slab",

        "pgpgin",
        "pgpgout",
        "pswpin",
        "pswpout",
        "pgalloc_high",

        "pgalloc_normal",
        "pgalloc_dma",
        "pgfree",
        "pgactivate",
        "pgdeactivate",

        "pgfault",
        "pgmajfault",
        "pgrefill_high",
        "pgrefill_normal",
        "pgrefill_dma",

        "pgsteal_high",
        "pgsteal_normal",
        "pgsteal_dma",
        "pgscan_kswapd_high",
        "pgscan_kswapd_normal",

        "pgscan_kswapd_dma",
        "pgscan_direct_high",
        "pgscan_direct_normal",
        "pgscan_direct_dma",
        "pginodesteal",

        "slabs_scanned",
        "kswapd_steal",
        "kswapd_inodesteal",
        "pageoutrun",
        "allocstall",

        "pgrotated",
        "nr_bounce",
};

static void *vmstat_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
{
        struct page_state *ps;

        if (*pos >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmstat_text))
                return NULL;

        ps = kmalloc(sizeof(*ps), GFP_KERNEL);
        m->private = ps;
        if (!ps)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
        get_full_page_state(ps);
        ps->pgpgin /= 2;                /* sectors -> kbytes */
        ps->pgpgout /= 2;
        return (unsigned long *)ps + *pos;
}

static void *vmstat_next(struct seq_file *m, void *arg, loff_t *pos)
{
        (*pos)++;
        if (*pos >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmstat_text))
                return NULL;
        return (unsigned long *)m->private + *pos;
}

static int vmstat_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
{
        unsigned long *l = arg;
        unsigned long off = l - (unsigned long *)m->private;

        seq_printf(m, "%s %lu\n", vmstat_text[off], *l);
        return 0;
}

static void vmstat_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
{
        kfree(m->private);
        m->private = NULL;
}

struct seq_operations vmstat_op = {
        .start  = vmstat_start,
        .next   = vmstat_next,
        .stop   = vmstat_stop,
        .show   = vmstat_show,
};

#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */

#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
static int page_alloc_cpu_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
                                 unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
{
        int cpu = (unsigned long)hcpu;
        long *count;
        unsigned long *src, *dest;

        if (action == CPU_DEAD) {
                int i;

                /* Drain local pagecache count. */
                count = &per_cpu(nr_pagecache_local, cpu);
                atomic_add(*count, &nr_pagecache);
                *count = 0;
                local_irq_disable();
                __drain_pages(cpu);

                /* Add dead cpu's page_states to our own. */
                dest = (unsigned long *)&__get_cpu_var(page_states);
                src = (unsigned long *)&per_cpu(page_states, cpu);

                for (i = 0; i < sizeof(struct page_state)/sizeof(unsigned long);
                                i++) {
                        dest[i] += src[i];
                        src[i] = 0;
                }

                local_irq_enable();
        }
        return NOTIFY_OK;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */

void __init page_alloc_init(void)
{
        hotcpu_notifier(page_alloc_cpu_notify, 0);
}

/*
 * setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve - called whenever
 *      sysctl_lower_zone_reserve_ratio changes.  Ensures that each zone
 *      has a correct pages reserved value, so an adequate number of
 *      pages are left in the zone after a successful __alloc_pages().
 */
static void setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve(void)
{
        struct pglist_data *pgdat;
        int j, idx;

        for_each_pgdat(pgdat) {
                for (j = 0; j < MAX_NR_ZONES; j++) {
                        struct zone *zone = pgdat->node_zones + j;
                        unsigned long present_pages = zone->present_pages;

                        zone->lowmem_reserve[j] = 0;

                        for (idx = j-1; idx >= 0; idx--) {
                                struct zone *lower_zone;

                                if (sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[idx] < 1)
                                        sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[idx] = 1;

                                lower_zone = pgdat->node_zones + idx;
                                lower_zone->lowmem_reserve[j] = present_pages /
                                        sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[idx];
                                present_pages += lower_zone->present_pages;
                        }
                }
        }
}

/*
 * setup_per_zone_pages_min - called when min_free_kbytes changes.  Ensures 
 *      that the pages_{min,low,high} values for each zone are set correctly 
 *      with respect to min_free_kbytes.
 */
static void setup_per_zone_pages_min(void)
{
        unsigned long pages_min = min_free_kbytes >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
        unsigned long lowmem_pages = 0;
        struct zone *zone;
        unsigned long flags;

        /* Calculate total number of !ZONE_HIGHMEM pages */
        for_each_zone(zone) {
                if (!is_highmem(zone))
                        lowmem_pages += zone->present_pages;
        }

        for_each_zone(zone) {
                spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
                if (is_highmem(zone)) {
                        /*
                         * Often, highmem doesn't need to reserve any pages.
                         * But the pages_min/low/high values are also used for
                         * batching up page reclaim activity so we need a
                         * decent value here.
                         */
                        int min_pages;

                        min_pages = zone->present_pages / 1024;
                        if (min_pages < SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX)
                                min_pages = SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX;
                        if (min_pages > 128)
                                min_pages = 128;
                        zone->pages_min = min_pages;
                } else {
                        /* if it's a lowmem zone, reserve a number of pages 
                         * proportionate to the zone's size.
                         */
                        zone->pages_min = (pages_min * zone->present_pages) / 
                                           lowmem_pages;
                }

                /*
                 * When interpreting these watermarks, just keep in mind that:
                 * zone->pages_min == (zone->pages_min * 4) / 4;
                 */
                zone->pages_low   = (zone->pages_min * 5) / 4;
                zone->pages_high  = (zone->pages_min * 6) / 4;
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
        }
}

/*
 * Initialise min_free_kbytes.
 *
 * For small machines we want it small (128k min).  For large machines
 * we want it large (64MB max).  But it is not linear, because network
 * bandwidth does not increase linearly with machine size.  We use
 *
 *      min_free_kbytes = 4 * sqrt(lowmem_kbytes), for better accuracy:
 *      min_free_kbytes = sqrt(lowmem_kbytes * 16)
 *
 * which yields
 *
 * 16MB:        512k
 * 32MB:        724k
 * 64MB:        1024k
 * 128MB:       1448k
 * 256MB:       2048k
 * 512MB:       2896k
 * 1024MB:      4096k
 * 2048MB:      5792k
 * 4096MB:      8192k
 * 8192MB:      11584k
 * 16384MB:     16384k
 */
static int __init init_per_zone_pages_min(void)
{
        unsigned long lowmem_kbytes;

        lowmem_kbytes = nr_free_buffer_pages() * (PAGE_SIZE >> 10);

        min_free_kbytes = int_sqrt(lowmem_kbytes * 16);
        if (min_free_kbytes < 128)
                min_free_kbytes = 128;
        if (min_free_kbytes > 65536)
                min_free_kbytes = 65536;
        setup_per_zone_pages_min();
        setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve();
        return 0;
}
module_init(init_per_zone_pages_min)

/*
 * min_free_kbytes_sysctl_handler - just a wrapper around proc_dointvec() so 
 *      that we can call two helper functions whenever min_free_kbytes
 *      changes.
 */
int min_free_kbytes_sysctl_handler(ctl_table *table, int write, 
        struct file *file, void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
        proc_dointvec(table, write, file, buffer, length, ppos);
        setup_per_zone_pages_min();
        return 0;
}

/*
 * lowmem_reserve_ratio_sysctl_handler - just a wrapper around
 *      proc_dointvec() so that we can call setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve()
 *      whenever sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio changes.
 *
 * The reserve ratio obviously has absolutely no relation with the
 * pages_min watermarks. The lowmem reserve ratio can only make sense
 * if in function of the boot time zone sizes.
 */
int lowmem_reserve_ratio_sysctl_handler(ctl_table *table, int write,
        struct file *file, void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
        proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, file, buffer, length, ppos);
        setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve();
        return 0;
}

__initdata int hashdist = HASHDIST_DEFAULT;

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
static int __init set_hashdist(char *str)
{
        if (!str)
                return 0;
        hashdist = simple_strtoul(str, &str, 0);
        return 1;
}
__setup("hashdist=", set_hashdist);
#endif

/*
 * allocate a large system hash table from bootmem
 * - it is assumed that the hash table must contain an exact power-of-2
 *   quantity of entries
 * - limit is the number of hash buckets, not the total allocation size
 */
void *__init alloc_large_system_hash(const char *tablename,
                                     unsigned long bucketsize,
                                     unsigned long numentries,
                                     int scale,
                                     int flags,
                                     unsigned int *_hash_shift,
                                     unsigned int *_hash_mask,
                                     unsigned long limit)
{
        unsigned long long max = limit;
        unsigned long log2qty, size;
        void *table = NULL;

        /* allow the kernel cmdline to have a say */
        if (!numentries) {
                /* round applicable memory size up to nearest megabyte */
                numentries = (flags & HASH_HIGHMEM) ? nr_all_pages : nr_kernel_pages;
                numentries += (1UL << (20 - PAGE_SHIFT)) - 1;
                numentries >>= 20 - PAGE_SHIFT;
                numentries <<= 20 - PAGE_SHIFT;

                /* limit to 1 bucket per 2^scale bytes of low memory */
                if (scale > PAGE_SHIFT)
                        numentries >>= (scale - PAGE_SHIFT);
                else
                        numentries <<= (PAGE_SHIFT - scale);
        }
        /* rounded up to nearest power of 2 in size */
        numentries = 1UL << (long_log2(numentries) + 1);

        /* limit allocation size to 1/16 total memory by default */
        if (max == 0) {
                max = ((unsigned long long)nr_all_pages << PAGE_SHIFT) >> 4;
                do_div(max, bucketsize);
        }

        if (numentries > max)
                numentries = max;

        log2qty = long_log2(numentries);

        do {
                size = bucketsize << log2qty;
                if (flags & HASH_EARLY)
                        table = alloc_bootmem(size);
                else if (hashdist)
                        table = __vmalloc(size, GFP_ATOMIC, PAGE_KERNEL);
                else {
                        unsigned long order;
                        for (order = 0; ((1UL << order) << PAGE_SHIFT) < size; order++)
                                ;
                        table = (void*) __get_free_pages(GFP_ATOMIC, order);
                }
        } while (!table && size > PAGE_SIZE && --log2qty);

        if (!table)
                panic("Failed to allocate %s hash table\n", tablename);

        printk("%s hash table entries: %d (order: %d, %lu bytes)\n",
               tablename,
               (1U << log2qty),
               long_log2(size) - PAGE_SHIFT,
               size);

        if (_hash_shift)
                *_hash_shift = log2qty;
        if (_hash_mask)
                *_hash_mask = (1 << log2qty) - 1;

        return table;
}