2 * page-types: Tool for querying page flags
4 * Copyright (C) 2009 Intel corporation
6 * Authors: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
8 * Released under the General Public License (GPL).
11 #define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
21 #include <sys/types.h>
22 #include <sys/errno.h>
23 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
27 * pagemap kernel ABI bits
30 #define PM_ENTRY_BYTES sizeof(uint64_t)
31 #define PM_STATUS_BITS 3
32 #define PM_STATUS_OFFSET (64 - PM_STATUS_BITS)
33 #define PM_STATUS_MASK (((1LL << PM_STATUS_BITS) - 1) << PM_STATUS_OFFSET)
34 #define PM_STATUS(nr) (((nr) << PM_STATUS_OFFSET) & PM_STATUS_MASK)
35 #define PM_PSHIFT_BITS 6
36 #define PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET (PM_STATUS_OFFSET - PM_PSHIFT_BITS)
37 #define PM_PSHIFT_MASK (((1LL << PM_PSHIFT_BITS) - 1) << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET)
38 #define PM_PSHIFT(x) (((u64) (x) << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET) & PM_PSHIFT_MASK)
39 #define PM_PFRAME_MASK ((1LL << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET) - 1)
40 #define PM_PFRAME(x) ((x) & PM_PFRAME_MASK)
42 #define PM_PRESENT PM_STATUS(4LL)
43 #define PM_SWAP PM_STATUS(2LL)
51 #define PROC_KPAGEFLAGS "/proc/kpageflags"
53 /* copied from kpageflags_read() */
56 #define KPF_REFERENCED 2
57 #define KPF_UPTODATE 3
62 #define KPF_WRITEBACK 8
66 /* [11-20] new additions in 2.6.31 */
69 #define KPF_SWAPCACHE 13
70 #define KPF_SWAPBACKED 14
71 #define KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD 15
72 #define KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL 16
74 #define KPF_UNEVICTABLE 18
75 #define KPF_HWPOISON 19
79 /* [32-] kernel hacking assistances */
80 #define KPF_RESERVED 32
81 #define KPF_MLOCKED 33
82 #define KPF_MAPPEDTODISK 34
83 #define KPF_PRIVATE 35
84 #define KPF_PRIVATE_2 36
85 #define KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE 37
87 #define KPF_UNCACHED 39
89 /* [48-] take some arbitrary free slots for expanding overloaded flags
90 * not part of kernel API
92 #define KPF_READAHEAD 48
93 #define KPF_SLOB_FREE 49
94 #define KPF_SLUB_FROZEN 50
95 #define KPF_SLUB_DEBUG 51
97 #define KPF_ALL_BITS ((uint64_t)~0ULL)
98 #define KPF_HACKERS_BITS (0xffffULL << 32)
99 #define KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS (0xffffULL << 48)
100 #define BIT(name) (1ULL << KPF_##name)
101 #define BITS_COMPOUND (BIT(COMPOUND_HEAD) | BIT(COMPOUND_TAIL))
103 static char *page_flag_names[] = {
104 [KPF_LOCKED] = "L:locked",
105 [KPF_ERROR] = "E:error",
106 [KPF_REFERENCED] = "R:referenced",
107 [KPF_UPTODATE] = "U:uptodate",
108 [KPF_DIRTY] = "D:dirty",
110 [KPF_ACTIVE] = "A:active",
111 [KPF_SLAB] = "S:slab",
112 [KPF_WRITEBACK] = "W:writeback",
113 [KPF_RECLAIM] = "I:reclaim",
114 [KPF_BUDDY] = "B:buddy",
116 [KPF_MMAP] = "M:mmap",
117 [KPF_ANON] = "a:anonymous",
118 [KPF_SWAPCACHE] = "s:swapcache",
119 [KPF_SWAPBACKED] = "b:swapbacked",
120 [KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD] = "H:compound_head",
121 [KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL] = "T:compound_tail",
122 [KPF_HUGE] = "G:huge",
123 [KPF_UNEVICTABLE] = "u:unevictable",
124 [KPF_HWPOISON] = "X:hwpoison",
125 [KPF_NOPAGE] = "n:nopage",
128 [KPF_RESERVED] = "r:reserved",
129 [KPF_MLOCKED] = "m:mlocked",
130 [KPF_MAPPEDTODISK] = "d:mappedtodisk",
131 [KPF_PRIVATE] = "P:private",
132 [KPF_PRIVATE_2] = "p:private_2",
133 [KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE] = "O:owner_private",
134 [KPF_ARCH] = "h:arch",
135 [KPF_UNCACHED] = "c:uncached",
137 [KPF_READAHEAD] = "I:readahead",
138 [KPF_SLOB_FREE] = "P:slob_free",
139 [KPF_SLUB_FROZEN] = "A:slub_frozen",
140 [KPF_SLUB_DEBUG] = "E:slub_debug",
148 static int opt_raw; /* for kernel developers */
149 static int opt_list; /* list pages (in ranges) */
150 static int opt_no_summary; /* don't show summary */
151 static pid_t opt_pid; /* process to walk */
153 #define MAX_ADDR_RANGES 1024
154 static int nr_addr_ranges;
155 static unsigned long opt_offset[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
156 static unsigned long opt_size[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
158 #define MAX_VMAS 10240
160 static unsigned long pg_start[MAX_VMAS];
161 static unsigned long pg_end[MAX_VMAS];
163 #define MAX_BIT_FILTERS 64
164 static int nr_bit_filters;
165 static uint64_t opt_mask[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
166 static uint64_t opt_bits[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
168 static int page_size;
170 static int pagemap_fd;
171 static int kpageflags_fd;
173 #define HASH_SHIFT 13
174 #define HASH_SIZE (1 << HASH_SHIFT)
175 #define HASH_MASK (HASH_SIZE - 1)
176 #define HASH_KEY(flags) (flags & HASH_MASK)
178 static unsigned long total_pages;
179 static unsigned long nr_pages[HASH_SIZE];
180 static uint64_t page_flags[HASH_SIZE];
187 #define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
189 #define min_t(type, x, y) ({ \
192 __min1 < __min2 ? __min1 : __min2; })
194 #define max_t(type, x, y) ({ \
197 __max1 > __max2 ? __max1 : __max2; })
199 static unsigned long pages2mb(unsigned long pages)
201 return (pages * page_size) >> 20;
204 static void fatal(const char *x, ...)
209 vfprintf(stderr, x, ap);
214 int checked_open(const char *pathname, int flags)
216 int fd = open(pathname, flags);
227 * pagemap/kpageflags routines
230 static unsigned long do_u64_read(int fd, char *name,
237 if (index > ULONG_MAX / 8)
238 fatal("index overflow: %lu\n", index);
240 if (lseek(fd, index * 8, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
245 bytes = read(fd, buf, count * 8);
251 fatal("partial read: %lu bytes\n", bytes);
256 static unsigned long kpageflags_read(uint64_t *buf,
260 return do_u64_read(kpageflags_fd, PROC_KPAGEFLAGS, buf, index, pages);
263 static unsigned long pagemap_read(uint64_t *buf,
267 return do_u64_read(pagemap_fd, "/proc/pid/pagemap", buf, index, pages);
270 static unsigned long pagemap_pfn(uint64_t val)
274 if (val & PM_PRESENT)
275 pfn = PM_PFRAME(val);
287 static char *page_flag_name(uint64_t flags)
293 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
294 present = (flags >> i) & 1;
295 if (!page_flag_names[i]) {
297 fatal("unkown flag bit %d\n", i);
300 buf[j++] = present ? page_flag_names[i][0] : '_';
306 static char *page_flag_longname(uint64_t flags)
308 static char buf[1024];
311 for (i = 0, n = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
312 if (!page_flag_names[i])
314 if ((flags >> i) & 1)
315 n += snprintf(buf + n, sizeof(buf) - n, "%s,",
316 page_flag_names[i] + 2);
327 * page list and summary
330 static void show_page_range(unsigned long voffset,
331 unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
333 static uint64_t flags0;
334 static unsigned long voff;
335 static unsigned long index;
336 static unsigned long count;
338 if (flags == flags0 && offset == index + count &&
339 (!opt_pid || voffset == voff + count)) {
346 printf("%lx\t", voff);
347 printf("%lx\t%lx\t%s\n",
348 index, count, page_flag_name(flags0));
357 static void show_page(unsigned long voffset,
358 unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
361 printf("%lx\t", voffset);
362 printf("%lx\t%s\n", offset, page_flag_name(flags));
365 static void show_summary(void)
369 printf(" flags\tpage-count MB"
370 " symbolic-flags\t\t\tlong-symbolic-flags\n");
372 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(nr_pages); i++) {
374 printf("0x%016llx\t%10lu %8lu %s\t%s\n",
375 (unsigned long long)page_flags[i],
377 pages2mb(nr_pages[i]),
378 page_flag_name(page_flags[i]),
379 page_flag_longname(page_flags[i]));
382 printf(" total\t%10lu %8lu\n",
383 total_pages, pages2mb(total_pages));
391 static int bit_mask_ok(uint64_t flags)
395 for (i = 0; i < nr_bit_filters; i++) {
396 if (opt_bits[i] == KPF_ALL_BITS) {
397 if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) == 0)
400 if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) != opt_bits[i])
408 static uint64_t expand_overloaded_flags(uint64_t flags)
410 /* SLOB/SLUB overload several page flags */
411 if (flags & BIT(SLAB)) {
412 if (flags & BIT(PRIVATE))
413 flags ^= BIT(PRIVATE) | BIT(SLOB_FREE);
414 if (flags & BIT(ACTIVE))
415 flags ^= BIT(ACTIVE) | BIT(SLUB_FROZEN);
416 if (flags & BIT(ERROR))
417 flags ^= BIT(ERROR) | BIT(SLUB_DEBUG);
420 /* PG_reclaim is overloaded as PG_readahead in the read path */
421 if ((flags & (BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(WRITEBACK))) == BIT(RECLAIM))
422 flags ^= BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(READAHEAD);
427 static uint64_t well_known_flags(uint64_t flags)
429 /* hide flags intended only for kernel hacker */
430 flags &= ~KPF_HACKERS_BITS;
432 /* hide non-hugeTLB compound pages */
433 if ((flags & BITS_COMPOUND) && !(flags & BIT(HUGE)))
434 flags &= ~BITS_COMPOUND;
439 static uint64_t kpageflags_flags(uint64_t flags)
441 flags = expand_overloaded_flags(flags);
444 flags = well_known_flags(flags);
453 static int hash_slot(uint64_t flags)
455 int k = HASH_KEY(flags);
458 /* Explicitly reserve slot 0 for flags 0: the following logic
459 * cannot distinguish an unoccupied slot from slot (flags==0).
464 /* search through the remaining (HASH_SIZE-1) slots */
465 for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags); i++, k++) {
466 if (!k || k >= ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags))
468 if (page_flags[k] == 0) {
469 page_flags[k] = flags;
472 if (page_flags[k] == flags)
476 fatal("hash table full: bump up HASH_SHIFT?\n");
480 static void add_page(unsigned long voffset,
481 unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
483 flags = kpageflags_flags(flags);
485 if (!bit_mask_ok(flags))
489 show_page_range(voffset, offset, flags);
490 else if (opt_list == 2)
491 show_page(voffset, offset, flags);
493 nr_pages[hash_slot(flags)]++;
497 #define KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH (64 << 10) /* 64k pages */
498 static void walk_pfn(unsigned long voffset,
502 uint64_t buf[KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH];
508 batch = min_t(unsigned long, count, KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH);
509 pages = kpageflags_read(buf, index, batch);
513 for (i = 0; i < pages; i++)
514 add_page(voffset + i, index + i, buf[i]);
521 #define PAGEMAP_BATCH (64 << 10)
522 static void walk_vma(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
524 uint64_t buf[PAGEMAP_BATCH];
531 batch = min_t(unsigned long, count, PAGEMAP_BATCH);
532 pages = pagemap_read(buf, index, batch);
536 for (i = 0; i < pages; i++) {
537 pfn = pagemap_pfn(buf[i]);
539 walk_pfn(index + i, pfn, 1);
547 static void walk_task(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
549 const unsigned long end = index + count;
553 while (index < end) {
555 while (pg_end[i] <= index)
558 if (pg_start[i] >= end)
561 start = max_t(unsigned long, pg_start[i], index);
562 index = min_t(unsigned long, pg_end[i], end);
564 assert(start < index);
565 walk_vma(start, index - start);
569 static void add_addr_range(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size)
571 if (nr_addr_ranges >= MAX_ADDR_RANGES)
572 fatal("too many addr ranges\n");
574 opt_offset[nr_addr_ranges] = offset;
575 opt_size[nr_addr_ranges] = min_t(unsigned long, size, ULONG_MAX-offset);
579 static void walk_addr_ranges(void)
583 kpageflags_fd = checked_open(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS, O_RDONLY);
586 add_addr_range(0, ULONG_MAX);
588 for (i = 0; i < nr_addr_ranges; i++)
590 walk_pfn(0, opt_offset[i], opt_size[i]);
592 walk_task(opt_offset[i], opt_size[i]);
594 close(kpageflags_fd);
602 static const char *page_flag_type(uint64_t flag)
604 if (flag & KPF_HACKERS_BITS)
606 if (flag & KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS)
611 static void usage(void)
616 "page-types [options]\n"
617 " -r|--raw Raw mode, for kernel developers\n"
618 " -a|--addr addr-spec Walk a range of pages\n"
619 " -b|--bits bits-spec Walk pages with specified bits\n"
620 " -p|--pid pid Walk process address space\n"
621 #if 0 /* planned features */
622 " -f|--file filename Walk file address space\n"
624 " -l|--list Show page details in ranges\n"
625 " -L|--list-each Show page details one by one\n"
626 " -N|--no-summary Don't show summay info\n"
627 " -h|--help Show this usage message\n"
629 " N one page at offset N (unit: pages)\n"
630 " N+M pages range from N to N+M-1\n"
631 " N,M pages range from N to M-1\n"
632 " N, pages range from N to end\n"
633 " ,M pages range from 0 to M-1\n"
635 " bit1,bit2 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) != 0\n"
636 " bit1,bit2=bit1 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
637 " bit1,~bit2 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
638 " =bit1,bit2 flags == (bit1|bit2)\n"
642 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
643 if (!page_flag_names[i])
645 printf("%16s%s", page_flag_names[i] + 2,
646 page_flag_type(1ULL << i));
653 "(r) raw mode bits (o) overloaded bits\n");
656 static unsigned long long parse_number(const char *str)
658 unsigned long long n;
660 n = strtoll(str, NULL, 0);
662 if (n == 0 && str[0] != '0')
663 fatal("invalid name or number: %s\n", str);
668 static void parse_pid(const char *str)
673 opt_pid = parse_number(str);
675 sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/pagemap", opt_pid);
676 pagemap_fd = checked_open(buf, O_RDONLY);
678 sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/maps", opt_pid);
679 file = fopen(buf, "r");
685 while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), file) != NULL) {
686 unsigned long vm_start;
687 unsigned long vm_end;
688 unsigned long long pgoff;
694 n = sscanf(buf, "%lx-%lx %c%c%c%c %llx %x:%x %lu",
702 fprintf(stderr, "unexpected line: %s\n", buf);
705 pg_start[nr_vmas] = vm_start / page_size;
706 pg_end[nr_vmas] = vm_end / page_size;
707 if (++nr_vmas >= MAX_VMAS) {
708 fprintf(stderr, "too many VMAs\n");
715 static void parse_file(const char *name)
719 static void parse_addr_range(const char *optarg)
721 unsigned long offset;
725 p = strchr(optarg, ',');
727 p = strchr(optarg, '+');
731 size = parse_number(p + 1);
733 offset = parse_number(optarg);
737 size = parse_number(p + 1);
740 fatal("invalid range: %lu,%lu\n",
746 offset = parse_number(optarg);
750 add_addr_range(offset, size);
753 static void add_bits_filter(uint64_t mask, uint64_t bits)
755 if (nr_bit_filters >= MAX_BIT_FILTERS)
756 fatal("too much bit filters\n");
758 opt_mask[nr_bit_filters] = mask;
759 opt_bits[nr_bit_filters] = bits;
763 static uint64_t parse_flag_name(const char *str, int len)
770 if (len <= 8 && !strncmp(str, "compound", len))
771 return BITS_COMPOUND;
773 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
774 if (!page_flag_names[i])
776 if (!strncmp(str, page_flag_names[i] + 2, len))
780 return parse_number(str);
783 static uint64_t parse_flag_names(const char *str, int all)
789 if (*p == ',' || *p == '=' || *p == '\0') {
790 if ((*str != '~') || (*str == '~' && all && *++str))
791 flags |= parse_flag_name(str, p - str);
802 static void parse_bits_mask(const char *optarg)
808 p = strchr(optarg, '=');
811 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
813 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
814 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
815 } else if (strchr(optarg, '~')) {
816 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 1);
817 bits = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
819 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
823 add_bits_filter(mask, bits);
827 static struct option opts[] = {
828 { "raw" , 0, NULL, 'r' },
829 { "pid" , 1, NULL, 'p' },
830 { "file" , 1, NULL, 'f' },
831 { "addr" , 1, NULL, 'a' },
832 { "bits" , 1, NULL, 'b' },
833 { "list" , 0, NULL, 'l' },
834 { "list-each" , 0, NULL, 'L' },
835 { "no-summary", 0, NULL, 'N' },
836 { "help" , 0, NULL, 'h' },
837 { NULL , 0, NULL, 0 }
840 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
844 page_size = getpagesize();
846 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
847 "rp:f:a:b:lLNh", opts, NULL)) != -1) {
859 parse_addr_range(optarg);
862 parse_bits_mask(optarg);
882 if (opt_list && opt_pid)
885 printf("offset\tlen\tflags\n");
887 printf("offset\tflags\n");
892 show_page_range(0, 0, 0); /* drain the buffer */