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   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
   3         "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
   4
   5 <book id="LinuxKernelAPI">
   6  <bookinfo>
   7   <title>The Linux Kernel API</title>
   8
   9   <legalnotice>
  10    <para>
  11      This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
  12      it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
  13      License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  14      version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
  15      version.
  16    </para>
  17
  18    <para>
  19      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
  20      useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
  21      warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  22      See the GNU General Public License for more details.
  23    </para>
  24
  25    <para>
  26      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
  27      License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
  28      Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
  29      MA 02111-1307 USA
  30    </para>
  31
  32    <para>
  33      For more details see the file COPYING in the source
  34      distribution of Linux.
  35    </para>
  36   </legalnotice>
  37  </bookinfo>
  38
  39 <toc></toc>
  40
  41   <chapter id="Basics">
  42      <title>Driver Basics</title>
  43      <sect1><title>Driver Entry and Exit points</title>
  44 !Iinclude/linux/init.h
  45      </sect1>
  46
  47      <sect1><title>Atomic and pointer manipulation</title>
  48 !Iinclude/asm-i386/atomic.h
  49 !Iinclude/asm-i386/unaligned.h
  50      </sect1>
  51
  52      <sect1><title>Delaying, scheduling, and timer routines</title>
  53 !Iinclude/linux/sched.h
  54 !Ekernel/sched.c
  55 !Ekernel/timer.c
  56      </sect1>
  57      <sect1><title>High-resolution timers</title>
  58 !Iinclude/linux/ktime.h
  59 !Iinclude/linux/hrtimer.h
  60 !Ekernel/hrtimer.c
  61      </sect1>
  62      <sect1><title>Internal Functions</title>
  63 !Ikernel/exit.c
  64 !Ikernel/signal.c
  65      </sect1>
  66
  67      <sect1><title>Kernel objects manipulation</title>
  68 <!--
  69 X!Iinclude/linux/kobject.h
  70 -->
  71 !Elib/kobject.c
  72      </sect1>
  73
  74      <sect1><title>Kernel utility functions</title>
  75 !Iinclude/linux/kernel.h
  76 !Ekernel/printk.c
  77 !Ekernel/panic.c
  78 !Ekernel/sys.c
  79 !Ekernel/rcupdate.c
  80      </sect1>
  81
  82   </chapter>
  83
  84   <chapter id="adt">
  85      <title>Data Types</title>
  86      <sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title>
  87 !Iinclude/linux/list.h
  88      </sect1>
  89   </chapter>
  90
  91   <chapter id="libc">
  92      <title>Basic C Library Functions</title>
  93
  94      <para>
  95        When writing drivers, you cannot in general use routines which are
  96        from the C Library.  Some of the functions have been found generally
  97        useful and they are listed below.  The behaviour of these functions
  98        may vary slightly from those defined by ANSI, and these deviations
  99        are noted in the text.
 100      </para>
 101
 102      <sect1><title>String Conversions</title>
 103 !Ilib/vsprintf.c
 104 !Elib/vsprintf.c
 105      </sect1>
 106      <sect1><title>String Manipulation</title>
 107 <!-- All functions are exported at now
 108 X!Ilib/string.c
 109  -->
 110 !Elib/string.c
 111      </sect1>
 112      <sect1><title>Bit Operations</title>
 113 !Iinclude/asm-i386/bitops.h
 114      </sect1>
 115   </chapter>
 116
 117   <chapter id="mm">
 118      <title>Memory Management in Linux</title>
 119      <sect1><title>The Slab Cache</title>
 120 !Iinclude/linux/slab.h
 121 !Emm/slab.c
 122      </sect1>
 123      <sect1><title>User Space Memory Access</title>
 124 !Iinclude/asm-i386/uaccess.h
 125 !Earch/i386/lib/usercopy.c
 126      </sect1>
 127      <sect1><title>More Memory Management Functions</title>
 128 !Iinclude/linux/rmap.h
 129 !Emm/readahead.c
 130 !Emm/filemap.c
 131 !Emm/memory.c
 132 !Emm/vmalloc.c
 133 !Emm/mempool.c
 134 !Emm/page-writeback.c
 135 !Emm/truncate.c
 136      </sect1>
 137   </chapter>
 138
 139
 140   <chapter id="ipc">
 141      <title>Kernel IPC facilities</title>
 142
 143      <sect1><title>IPC utilities</title>
 144 !Iipc/util.c
 145      </sect1>
 146   </chapter>
 147
 148   <chapter id="kfifo">
 149      <title>FIFO Buffer</title>
 150      <sect1><title>kfifo interface</title>
 151 !Iinclude/linux/kfifo.h
 152 !Ekernel/kfifo.c
 153      </sect1>
 154   </chapter>
 155
 156   <chapter id="proc">
 157      <title>The proc filesystem</title>
 158
 159      <sect1><title>sysctl interface</title>
 160 !Ekernel/sysctl.c
 161      </sect1>
 162
 163      <sect1><title>proc filesystem interface</title>
 164 !Ifs/proc/base.c
 165      </sect1>
 166   </chapter>
 167
 168   <chapter id="debugfs">
 169      <title>The debugfs filesystem</title>
 170
 171      <sect1><title>debugfs interface</title>
 172 !Efs/debugfs/inode.c
 173 !Efs/debugfs/file.c
 174      </sect1>
 175   </chapter>
 176
 177   <chapter id="vfs">
 178      <title>The Linux VFS</title>
 179      <sect1><title>The Filesystem types</title>
 180 !Iinclude/linux/fs.h
 181      </sect1>
 182      <sect1><title>The Directory Cache</title>
 183 !Efs/dcache.c
 184 !Iinclude/linux/dcache.h
 185      </sect1>
 186      <sect1><title>Inode Handling</title>
 187 !Efs/inode.c
 188 !Efs/bad_inode.c
 189      </sect1>
 190      <sect1><title>Registration and Superblocks</title>
 191 !Efs/super.c
 192      </sect1>
 193      <sect1><title>File Locks</title>
 194 !Efs/locks.c
 195 !Ifs/locks.c
 196      </sect1>
 197      <sect1><title>Other Functions</title>
 198 !Efs/mpage.c
 199 !Efs/namei.c
 200 !Efs/buffer.c
 201 !Efs/bio.c
 202 !Efs/seq_file.c
 203 !Efs/filesystems.c
 204 !Efs/fs-writeback.c
 205 !Efs/block_dev.c
 206      </sect1>
 207   </chapter>
 208
 209   <chapter id="netcore">
 210      <title>Linux Networking</title>
 211      <sect1><title>Networking Base Types</title>
 212 !Iinclude/linux/net.h
 213      </sect1>
 214      <sect1><title>Socket Buffer Functions</title>
 215 !Iinclude/linux/skbuff.h
 216 !Iinclude/net/sock.h
 217 !Enet/socket.c
 218 !Enet/core/skbuff.c
 219 !Enet/core/sock.c
 220 !Enet/core/datagram.c
 221 !Enet/core/stream.c
 222      </sect1>
 223      <sect1><title>Socket Filter</title>
 224 !Enet/core/filter.c
 225      </sect1>
 226      <sect1><title>Generic Network Statistics</title>
 227 !Iinclude/linux/gen_stats.h
 228 !Enet/core/gen_stats.c
 229 !Enet/core/gen_estimator.c
 230      </sect1>
 231      <sect1><title>SUN RPC subsystem</title>
 232 <!-- The !D functionality is not perfect, garbage has to be protected by comments
 233 !Dnet/sunrpc/sunrpc_syms.c
 234 -->
 235 !Enet/sunrpc/xdr.c
 236 !Enet/sunrpc/svcsock.c
 237 !Enet/sunrpc/sched.c
 238      </sect1>
 239   </chapter>
 240
 241   <chapter id="netdev">
 242      <title>Network device support</title>
 243      <sect1><title>Driver Support</title>
 244 !Enet/core/dev.c
 245 !Enet/ethernet/eth.c
 246 !Iinclude/linux/etherdevice.h
 247 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 248 X!Enet/core/wireless.c
 249 -->
 250      </sect1>
 251      <sect1><title>Synchronous PPP</title>
 252 !Edrivers/net/wan/syncppp.c
 253      </sect1>
 254   </chapter>
 255
 256   <chapter id="modload">
 257      <title>Module Support</title>
 258      <sect1><title>Module Loading</title>
 259 !Ekernel/kmod.c
 260      </sect1>
 261      <sect1><title>Inter Module support</title>
 262         <para>
 263            Refer to the file kernel/module.c for more information.
 264         </para>
 265 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 266 X!Ekernel/module.c
 267 -->
 268      </sect1>
 269   </chapter>
 270
 271   <chapter id="hardware">
 272      <title>Hardware Interfaces</title>
 273      <sect1><title>Interrupt Handling</title>
 274 !Ekernel/irq/manage.c
 275      </sect1>
 276
 277      <sect1><title>Resources Management</title>
 278 !Ekernel/resource.c
 279      </sect1>
 280
 281      <sect1><title>MTRR Handling</title>
 282 !Earch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
 283      </sect1>
 284      <sect1><title>PCI Support Library</title>
 285 !Edrivers/pci/pci.c
 286 !Edrivers/pci/pci-driver.c
 287 !Edrivers/pci/remove.c
 288 !Edrivers/pci/pci-acpi.c
 289 <!-- kerneldoc does not understand to __devinit
 290 X!Edrivers/pci/search.c
 291  -->
 292 !Edrivers/pci/msi.c
 293 !Edrivers/pci/bus.c
 294 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 295 X!Edrivers/pci/hotplug.c
 296 -->
 297 !Edrivers/pci/probe.c
 298 !Edrivers/pci/rom.c
 299      </sect1>
 300      <sect1><title>PCI Hotplug Support Library</title>
 301 !Edrivers/pci/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.c
 302      </sect1>
 303      <sect1><title>MCA Architecture</title>
 304         <sect2><title>MCA Device Functions</title>
 305            <para>
 306               Refer to the file arch/i386/kernel/mca.c for more information.
 307            </para>
 308 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 309 X!Earch/i386/kernel/mca.c
 310 -->
 311         </sect2>
 312         <sect2><title>MCA Bus DMA</title>
 313 !Iinclude/asm-i386/mca_dma.h
 314         </sect2>
 315      </sect1>
 316   </chapter>
 317
 318   <chapter id="devfs">
 319      <title>The Device File System</title>
 320 !Efs/devfs/base.c
 321   </chapter>
 322
 323   <chapter id="sysfs">
 324      <title>The Filesystem for Exporting Kernel Objects</title>
 325 !Efs/sysfs/file.c
 326 !Efs/sysfs/symlink.c
 327 !Efs/sysfs/bin.c
 328   </chapter>
 329
 330   <chapter id="security">
 331      <title>Security Framework</title>
 332 !Esecurity/security.c
 333   </chapter>
 334
 335   <chapter id="audit">
 336      <title>Audit Interfaces</title>
 337 !Ekernel/audit.c
 338 !Ikernel/auditsc.c
 339 !Ikernel/auditfilter.c
 340   </chapter>
 341
 342   <chapter id="accounting">
 343      <title>Accounting Framework</title>
 344 !Ikernel/acct.c
 345   </chapter>
 346
 347   <chapter id="pmfuncs">
 348      <title>Power Management</title>
 349 !Ekernel/power/pm.c
 350   </chapter>
 351
 352   <chapter id="devdrivers">
 353      <title>Device drivers infrastructure</title>
 354      <sect1><title>Device Drivers Base</title>
 355 <!--
 356 X!Iinclude/linux/device.h
 357 -->
 358 !Edrivers/base/driver.c
 359 !Edrivers/base/core.c
 360 !Edrivers/base/firmware_class.c
 361 !Edrivers/base/transport_class.c
 362 !Edrivers/base/dmapool.c
 363 <!-- Cannot be included, because
 364      attribute_container_add_class_device_adapter
 365  and attribute_container_classdev_to_container
 366      exceed allowed 44 characters maximum
 367 X!Edrivers/base/attribute_container.c
 368 -->
 369 !Edrivers/base/sys.c
 370 <!--
 371 X!Edrivers/base/interface.c
 372 -->
 373 !Edrivers/base/platform.c
 374 !Edrivers/base/bus.c
 375      </sect1>
 376      <sect1><title>Device Drivers Power Management</title>
 377 !Edrivers/base/power/main.c
 378 !Edrivers/base/power/resume.c
 379 !Edrivers/base/power/suspend.c
 380      </sect1>
 381      <sect1><title>Device Drivers ACPI Support</title>
 382 <!-- Internal functions only
 383 X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/main.c
 384 X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/wakeup.c
 385 X!Edrivers/acpi/motherboard.c
 386 X!Edrivers/acpi/bus.c
 387 -->
 388 !Edrivers/acpi/scan.c
 389 !Idrivers/acpi/scan.c
 390 <!-- No correct structured comments
 391 X!Edrivers/acpi/pci_bind.c
 392 -->
 393      </sect1>
 394      <sect1><title>Device drivers PnP support</title>
 395 !Edrivers/pnp/core.c
 396 <!-- No correct structured comments
 397 X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c
 398  -->
 399 !Edrivers/pnp/card.c
 400 !Edrivers/pnp/driver.c
 401 !Edrivers/pnp/manager.c
 402 !Edrivers/pnp/support.c
 403      </sect1>
 404   </chapter>
 405
 406
 407   <chapter id="blkdev">
 408      <title>Block Devices</title>
 409 !Eblock/ll_rw_blk.c
 410   </chapter>
 411
 412   <chapter id="miscdev">
 413      <title>Miscellaneous Devices</title>
 414 !Edrivers/char/misc.c
 415   </chapter>
 416
 417   <chapter id="viddev">
 418      <title>Video4Linux</title>
 419 !Edrivers/media/video/videodev.c
 420   </chapter>
 421
 422   <chapter id="snddev">
 423      <title>Sound Devices</title>
 424 !Iinclude/sound/core.h
 425 !Esound/sound_core.c
 426 !Iinclude/sound/pcm.h
 427 !Esound/core/pcm.c
 428 !Esound/core/device.c
 429 !Esound/core/info.c
 430 !Esound/core/rawmidi.c
 431 !Esound/core/sound.c
 432 !Esound/core/memory.c
 433 !Esound/core/pcm_memory.c
 434 !Esound/core/init.c
 435 !Esound/core/isadma.c
 436 !Esound/core/control.c
 437 !Esound/core/pcm_lib.c
 438 !Esound/core/hwdep.c
 439 !Esound/core/pcm_native.c
 440 !Esound/core/memalloc.c
 441 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 442 X!Isound/sound_firmware.c
 443 -->
 444   </chapter>
 445
 446   <chapter id="uart16x50">
 447      <title>16x50 UART Driver</title>
 448 !Iinclude/linux/serial_core.h
 449 !Edrivers/serial/serial_core.c
 450 !Edrivers/serial/8250.c
 451   </chapter>
 452
 453   <chapter id="z85230">
 454      <title>Z85230 Support Library</title>
 455 !Edrivers/net/wan/z85230.c
 456   </chapter>
 457
 458   <chapter id="fbdev">
 459      <title>Frame Buffer Library</title>
 460
 461      <para>
 462        The frame buffer drivers depend heavily on four data structures.
 463        These structures are declared in include/linux/fb.h.  They are
 464        fb_info, fb_var_screeninfo, fb_fix_screeninfo and fb_monospecs.
 465        The last three can be made available to and from userland.
 466      </para>
 467
 468      <para>
 469        fb_info defines the current state of a particular video card.
 470        Inside fb_info, there exists a fb_ops structure which is a
 471        collection of needed functions to make fbdev and fbcon work.
 472        fb_info is only visible to the kernel.
 473      </para>
 474
 475      <para>
 476        fb_var_screeninfo is used to describe the features of a video card
 477        that are user defined.  With fb_var_screeninfo, things such as
 478        depth and the resolution may be defined.
 479      </para>
 480
 481      <para>
 482        The next structure is fb_fix_screeninfo. This defines the
 483        properties of a card that are created when a mode is set and can't
 484        be changed otherwise.  A good example of this is the start of the
 485        frame buffer memory.  This "locks" the address of the frame buffer
 486        memory, so that it cannot be changed or moved.
 487      </para>
 488
 489      <para>
 490        The last structure is fb_monospecs. In the old API, there was
 491        little importance for fb_monospecs. This allowed for forbidden things
 492        such as setting a mode of 800x600 on a fix frequency monitor. With
 493        the new API, fb_monospecs prevents such things, and if used
 494        correctly, can prevent a monitor from being cooked.  fb_monospecs
 495        will not be useful until kernels 2.5.x.
 496      </para>
 497
 498      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Memory</title>
 499 !Edrivers/video/fbmem.c
 500      </sect1>
 501 <!--
 502      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Console</title>
 503 X!Edrivers/video/console/fbcon.c
 504      </sect1>
 505 -->
 506      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Colormap</title>
 507 !Edrivers/video/fbcmap.c
 508      </sect1>
 509 <!-- FIXME:
 510   drivers/video/fbgen.c has no docs, which stuffs up the sgml.  Comment
 511   out until somebody adds docs.  KAO
 512      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Generic Functions</title>
 513 X!Idrivers/video/fbgen.c
 514      </sect1>
 515 KAO -->
 516      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Video Mode Database</title>
 517 !Idrivers/video/modedb.c
 518 !Edrivers/video/modedb.c
 519      </sect1>
 520      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Macintosh Video Mode Database</title>
 521 !Edrivers/video/macmodes.c
 522      </sect1>
 523      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Fonts</title>
 524         <para>
 525            Refer to the file drivers/video/console/fonts.c for more information.
 526         </para>
 527 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 528 X!Idrivers/video/console/fonts.c
 529 -->
 530      </sect1>
 531   </chapter>
 532 </book>